<p>&nbsp;            <b>TABLE OF CONTENTS&nbsp;</b></p><p>ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………….. iii&nbsp;</p><p>DEDICATION…………………………………………………………... vii&nbsp;</p><p>TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………...……..viii&nbsp;</p><p>LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………...…...... xi&nbsp;</p><p><b>

Chapter 1

. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………...1&nbsp;</b></p><p>1.1. Biology Curriculum Implementation in Turkey……..….....................……. 12&nbsp;</p><p>1.2. Purpose of the Study……………………………………....................…..... 15&nbsp;</p><p>1.3. Significance of the Study……………………………..…….....................… 15&nbsp;</p><p>1.4. Definition of Terms…………………………………...…….......................… 16&nbsp;</p><p><b>

Chapter TWO

................................................................................................17</b><br></p><p>2. 0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE……………………………………...................... 17&nbsp;</p><p>2.1. Curriculum Implementation Research in 1970’s………......................…..… 17&nbsp;</p><p>2.2. Determinants of Implementation……….…………………..........................…. 23&nbsp;</p><p>2.3. Curriculum Implementation Research After 1970’s…....…............................. 30&nbsp;</p><p>2.3.1. Teachers and Curriculum Implementation……….….............................…... 30&nbsp;</p><p>2.3.1.1. Change and Teacher Development…………….......................................… 38</p><p>&nbsp;2.3.2. Classroom Environment and Curriculum Implementation………………….. 40&nbsp;</p><p>2.4. Biology Education and Curriculum Implementation in Turkey………………………… 44&nbsp;</p><p>2.5. Conclusion………………………………………………….... 51&nbsp;</p><p><b>

Chapter THREE

.............................................................................53</b><br></p><p>3. METHOD…………………………………………………………. 53&nbsp;</p><p>3.1. Overall Design of the Study……………………………..…... 53&nbsp;</p><p>3.2. Research Questions……………………………………..……. 54&nbsp;</p><p>3.3. Population and Selection of Sample…………………..……... 55&nbsp;</p><p>3.4. Data Collection Instrument……………………………..……. 58&nbsp;</p><p>3.5. Data Analysis…………………………………………..…….. 59&nbsp;</p><p>3.6. Limitations of the Study………………………………...……. 60&nbsp;</p><p><b>

Chapter FOUR

......................................................................62</b><br></p><p>4. RESULTS…………………………………………………………. 62&nbsp;</p><p>4.1. Demographic Information about Teachers………….………. 62&nbsp;</p><p>4.2. Physical Structure and Facilities of Schools………….……... 66&nbsp;</p><p>4.3. Perceptions of Biology Curriculum…………………..……… 69&nbsp;</p><p>4.3.1. Goals, Content and Teaching in Biology Education……. 69&nbsp;</p><p>4.3.1.1. Required Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes about Biology……………………………. 69&nbsp;</p><p>4.3.1.2. How Biology Should be Taught?……….…...….................................. 71&nbsp;</p><p>4.3.2. Perceptions of New Curriculum…………………..........................…….... 73&nbsp;</p><p>4.3.2.1. How Do Teachers Use the New Curriculum?……............................... 77&nbsp;</p><p>4.3.2.2. Changes in Teaching with the New Curriculum….................................. 78&nbsp;</p><p>4.3.2.3. Factors Influencing Learning Environment and Curriculum Implementation………….. 80&nbsp;</p><p>4.4. Student Attitudes and Influences on Curriculum Implementation…………………….…….. 83&nbsp;</p><p>4.4.1. Beliefs and Perceptions of Students…………………...............................................… 83&nbsp;</p><p>4.4.2. Why Students Like Biology Classes?………………....................................................….. 84&nbsp;</p><p>4.4.3. Why Students Don’t Like Biology Classes?…………................................................. 85&nbsp;</p><p>4.4.4. How Students’ Level Influence the Process of Curriculum Implementation and Learning Environment?. ...................................................................................................87&nbsp;</p><p>4.5. Instruction………………………………………….………... 89&nbsp;</p><p>4.5.1. Teaching Methods and Techniques Used During Instruction……………………………... 89&nbsp;</p><p>4.5.2. Instructional Materials Used During Instruction……... 112&nbsp;</p><p>4.5.3. Laboratory Studies……………………………………. 126&nbsp;</p><p>4.5.3.1. How Often Laboratory Studies are Carried Out?................................ 126&nbsp;</p><p>4.5.3.2. Strategies Followed During Laboratory Studies…. 128&nbsp;</p><p>4.5.4. Problems Faced During Instruction…………….. 132&nbsp;</p><p>4.6. Summary of the Results……..……………………….……... .136&nbsp;</p><p><b>

Chapter FIVE

..............................................................................................145</b><br></p><p>5. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS……………………….. 145&nbsp;</p><p>5.1. Conclusions……………………………………….………... 145</p><p>&nbsp;5.1.1. Implementation of Curriculum Intentions in Biology Classes…………………………... 145&nbsp;</p><p>5.1.2. Local, School and Classroom Level Factors Influencing the Process of Curriculum Implementation……..................................................……. 147&nbsp;</p><p>5.1.2.1. Local Level Factors…………………………….. 148&nbsp;</p><p>5.1.2.2. School Level Factors……………………...……... 148&nbsp;</p><p>5.1.2.3. Classroom Level Factors……………………….. 150</p><p>&nbsp;5.1.2.3.1. Teacher Related Factors………………..…... 151&nbsp;</p><p>5.1.2.3.1.1. Teacher Characteristics…………..…... 151&nbsp;</p><p>5.1.2.3.1.2. Teacher Beliefs and Perceptions…..…. 154&nbsp;</p><p>5.1.2.3.2. Student Related Factors……………..……… 158&nbsp;</p><p>5.1.3. Implications for Practice…………………………….... 159&nbsp;</p><p>5.1.4. Implications for Future Research…………………….. 163 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………... 164&nbsp;</p><p>APPENDIX A. BIOLOGY CURRICULUM and INSTRUCTION EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE…………………………... 171&nbsp;</p><p><br></p>