<p>&nbsp;               <b>TABLE OF CONTENTS&nbsp;</b></p><p>CERTIFICATION ............................................................................ ii&nbsp;</p><p>COPYRIGHT ................................................................................. iii&nbsp;</p><p>DECLARATION ............................................................................. iv&nbsp;</p><p>Date.............................................................................................. iv&nbsp;</p><p>DEDICATION ................................................................................. v&nbsp;</p><p>ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.................................................................. vi&nbsp;</p><p>ABSTRACT .................................................................................. vii&nbsp;</p><p>LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................... xiii&nbsp;</p><p>LIST OF FIGURE ......................................................................... xiv&nbsp;</p><p>LIST OF APPENDICES................................................................... xv&nbsp;</p><p>LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS............................................................. xv&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter ONE

............................................................................... 1&nbsp;</p><p>BACKGROUND INFORMATION ....................................................... 1&nbsp;</p><p>1.1 Introduction ............................................................................. 1&nbsp;</p><p>1.2 Background to the Problem........................................................... 1&nbsp;</p><p>1.3 Statement of the Problem ............................................................. 4&nbsp;</p><p>1.4 General Objective...................................................................... 5&nbsp;</p><p>1.4.1 Specific Objectives .................................................................... 6&nbsp;</p><p>1.5 Research Questions.................................................................... 6&nbsp;</p><p>1.6 Significance of the Study ............................................................. 7&nbsp;</p><p>1.7 Scope of the Study ..................................................................... 7&nbsp;</p><p>1.8 Limitation of the Study................................................................ 8&nbsp;</p><p>1.9 Delimitation of the Study ............................................................. 8&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter TWO

.............................................................................. 9&nbsp;</p><p>LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................... 9&nbsp;</p><p>2.1 Introduction ............................................................................. 9&nbsp;</p><p>2.2 Theories of Visual Aids in Learning ................................................ 9&nbsp;</p><p>2.2.1 Dual-Coding Theory................................................................... 9&nbsp;</p><p>2.2.2 Multimedia Theory .................................................................. 10&nbsp;</p><p>2.2.2.1 Selection............................................................................... 10&nbsp;</p><p>2.2.2.2 Organization .......................................................................... 10&nbsp;</p><p>2.2.2.3 Integration............................................................................. 11&nbsp;</p><p>2.2.3 Instructional Theory ................................................................. 11&nbsp;</p><p>2.2.4 Learners Centred Approach ........................................................ 12&nbsp;</p><p>2.2.5 Integrationist Theory ................................................................ 13&nbsp;</p><p>2.2.6 Effectiveness of Visual Learning Aids for the Intended Learners............ 14&nbsp;</p><p>2.2.7 Physical Qualities of Visual Learning Aids...................................... 14&nbsp;</p><p>2.2.8 Appropriateness Use of Visual Learning Aids on Students Learning Process.................... 15&nbsp;</p><p>2.3 Empirical Literature ................................................................. 16&nbsp;</p><p>2.3.1 A Study on the Usefulness of Audio-Visual Aids in English Language Teaching.................. 16&nbsp;</p><p>2.3.2 A Study to Compare Traditional and Modern Methods of Learning by Using Audio Visual Aids ................................................................................................................................... 17&nbsp;</p><p>2.3.3 The Importance of Visual Learning Aids in Tanzania Public Secondary Schools ................. 18&nbsp;</p><p>2.4 The Gap in the Literature ........................................................... 18&nbsp;</p><p>2.5 Conceptual Framework ............................................................. 19&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter THREE

......................................................................... 21&nbsp;</p><p>RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................................................ 21&nbsp;</p><p>3.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 21</p><p>&nbsp;3.2 Research Design ..................................................................... 21&nbsp;</p><p>3.3 Description of the Study Area...................................................... 22&nbsp;</p><p>3.4 Study Population ..................................................................... 22&nbsp;</p><p>3.5 Sampling Techniques................................................................ 23&nbsp;</p><p>3.6 Data Collection Methods and Instruments ....................................... 23&nbsp;</p><p>3.6.1 Questionnaires........................................................................ 24&nbsp;</p><p>3.6.2 Documentary Review Guide ....................................................... 24&nbsp;</p><p>3.6.3 Interview questions .................................................................. 24&nbsp;</p><p>3.6.4 Data Processing and Analysis...................................................... 24&nbsp;</p><p>3.7 Validity and Reliability ............................................................. 24&nbsp;</p><p>3.7.1 Validity ................................................................................ 25&nbsp;</p><p>3.7.2 Reliability ............................................................................. 25&nbsp;</p><p>3.8 Ethical Considerations................................................................ 25&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter FOUR

........................................................................... 27&nbsp;</p><p>FINDINGS, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONS ....................................... 27&nbsp;</p><p>4.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 27&nbsp;</p><p>4.2 Characteristics of Respondents .................................................... 27&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>4.3 Age Distribution ..................................................................... 28&nbsp;</p><p>4.4 Data Presentation .................................................................... 29&nbsp;</p><p>4.4.1 Discussion of the Findings.......................................................... 33&nbsp;</p><p>4.5 To Identify the Type of Visual Learning Aids that Secondary School Teachers in Magu District Used and their Effect on Students Learning Outcomes..................................................... 34&nbsp;</p><p>4.5.1 Discussions of the Findings ........................................................ 35&nbsp;</p><p>4.6 The Barriers which Make Use of Visual Learning Aids Difficulty in Magu District Secondary Schools............................................................................................. 36&nbsp;</p><p>4.6.1 Heads of Schools..................................................................... 36&nbsp;</p><p>4.6.2 The District Education Officer..................................................... 37&nbsp;</p><p>4.6.3 Discussions of the Findings ........................................................ 37&nbsp;</p><p>4.7 Other Factors which Affect the Performance of Students in Examinations in Magu District ......................................................................................................... 37&nbsp;</p><p>4.7.1 Shortage of Teachers ................................................................ 37&nbsp;</p><p>4.7.2 Poverty of Parents.................................................................... 38&nbsp;</p><p>4.7.3 Students Views on Poor Performance ............................................ 38&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter FIVE

............................................................................ 40&nbsp;</p><p>SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................... 40&nbsp;</p><p>5.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 40&nbsp;</p><p>5.2 Summary of

Chapter 4

- 5 .......................................................... 40&nbsp;</p><p>5.2.1 National Form Four Examination Performance in 2013 and 2014 ........... 40&nbsp;</p><p>5.2.2 The Type of Visual Learning Aids in Magu District ........................... 41&nbsp;</p><p>5.2.3 The Barriers which Make Use of Visual Learning Aids Difficulty........... 41&nbsp;</p><p>5.2.4 Other Factors which Affect the Performance of Students...................... 41&nbsp;</p><p>5.3 Conclusion of the Study............................................................. 42&nbsp;</p><p>5.4 Recommendations ................................................................... 43&nbsp;</p><p>5.4.1 Affirmative Action on Availability of Learning Aids .......................... 43&nbsp;</p><p>5.4.2 Re-Invigorating Professionalism in Teachers.................................... 43&nbsp;</p><p>5.4.3 Area for Further Research .......................................................... 44&nbsp;</p><p>REFERENCES............................................................................... 45&nbsp;</p><p>APPENDICES................................................................................ 50&nbsp;</p>