<p>&nbsp;         <b>TABLE OF CONTENTS&nbsp;</b></p><p>Preliminary Pages&nbsp;</p><p>Declaration -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i&nbsp;</p><p>Certification ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii&nbsp;</p><p>Acknowledgements -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - - - iii&nbsp;</p><p>Abstract ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- v&nbsp;</p><p>List of Tables - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------x&nbsp;</p><p>List of Appendices - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------xii&nbsp;</p><p>List of Abbreviations --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xiii&nbsp;</p><p>Operational Definition of Terms - - - - - --------------------------------------------------------------------------- xiv&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter ONE

: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study ---------------------------------- - - - -&nbsp; 1&nbsp;</p><p>1.2 Statement of the Problem ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6&nbsp;</p><p>1.3 Objectives of the Study - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8&nbsp;</p><p>1.4 Research Questions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9&nbsp;</p><p>1.5 Hypotheses ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10&nbsp;</p><p>1.6 Basic Assumptions -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11&nbsp;</p><p>1.7 Significance of the Study --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11&nbsp;</p><p>1.8 Scope of the Study - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14</p><p>&nbsp;<b>

Chapter TWO

: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Introduction - - - - - - ---------------- 15&nbsp;</b></p><p>2.2 Theoretical Framework - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16&nbsp;</p><p>2.2.1 The Sensory Stimulation Theory --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16&nbsp;</p><p>2.2.2 The TPACK Theory ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17&nbsp;</p><p>2.2.2.1 The TPACK Theory Diagram-------------------------------------------------------------------------------17</p><p>2.3 The Concept of ICT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - 21&nbsp;</p><p>2.4 ICT in Education -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24&nbsp;</p><p>2.4.1 Integrating ICT into the Education System -------------------------------------------------------------- 25&nbsp;</p><p>2.4.2 Objectives of ICT in Education -----------------------------------------------------------------------------27&nbsp;</p><p>2.5 The Approaches of Integrating ICT into Education System----------------------------------------- 28&nbsp;</p><p>2.5.1 Stages of Teaching and Learning Using ICT Tools-------------------------------------------------30&nbsp;</p><p>2.6 Classification of Various ICT Applications in Education -------------------------------------------- 31&nbsp;</p><p>2.6.1 Concept and Techniques of CAI -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31&nbsp;</p><p>2.6.2 Characteristics of CAI - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - 36&nbsp;</p><p>2.6.3 Uses of CAI --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38&nbsp;</p><p>2.6.4 Preparation of CAI ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------40&nbsp;</p><p>2.6.5 Steps of Developing a CAI Package for a Lesson - ------------------------------------------ - - 40&nbsp;</p><p>2.7 Types of CAI Aids Used in Teaching and Learning -------------------------------------------------- 41&nbsp;</p><p>2.7.1 Other Computer Devices used in Teaching and Learning - --------------------------------------42&nbsp;</p><p>2.7.2 Guidelines for Selecting CAI Materials-----------------------------------------------------------------44&nbsp;</p><p>2.7.3 Guidelines and Requirements for the Utilization of CAI - ---------------------------------------- 46&nbsp;</p><p>2.7.4 Problems Associated with the Use of CAI Aids - - ------------------------------------------------ 48&nbsp;</p><p>2.8 Conventional mode of Teaching Supported with CAI ----------------------------------------------- 52&nbsp;</p><p>2.8.1 Comparison between the Conventional mode of Teaching and CAI- - - - - - - ----------- - 53&nbsp;</p><p>2.8.2 The Role of CAI usage by Teachers in Classroom Instruction - ----------------------------- 54&nbsp;</p><p>2.8.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Using CAI Aids in Classroom Teaching and Learning Process - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 55&nbsp;</p><p>2.8.4 Evaluation of CAI used in the Classroom- ---------------------------------------------------------- 59&nbsp;</p><p>2.9 The Role of Secondary School Teachers in the Use of CAI- in Classroom Instruction - - - - - - 60</p><p>&nbsp;2.10 The Need for CAI Aids in Enhancing Quality Education ---------------------------------------------- 63&nbsp;</p><p>2.10.1 Ways in Which CAI Can Improve Teaching and Learning of Economics in Schools - - - - - - 64</p><p>&nbsp;2.11 Impact of ICT on Students‟ Academic Performance - ------------------------------------------------ - 67&nbsp;</p><p>2.11.1 Students Characteristics -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------70&nbsp;</p><p>2.11.2 Teachers Effectiveness in Using CAI ------------------------------------------------------------------- 71&nbsp;</p><p>2.11.3 Impact of CAI on Gender ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 73&nbsp;</p><p>2.11.4 Impact of CAI on Skill Acquisition - ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 74&nbsp;</p><p>2.11.5 Impact of CAI on School Location ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 75&nbsp;</p><p>2.11.6 Impact of CAI on Independent Learning - ------------------------------------------------------------76&nbsp;</p><p>2.12 Definition of Biology&nbsp; - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 77&nbsp;</p><p>2.13 Objectives and Benefits of Biology as a Subject in Secondary School----------------------78&nbsp;</p><p>2.14 Challenges of Teachers and Students in Teaching and Learning&nbsp; Biology in Secondary Schools - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - 81&nbsp;</p><p>2.15 Empirical Studies - - - - - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - 84&nbsp;</p><p>2.16 Summary - - - - - - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - 92&nbsp;</p><p><b>

Chapter THREE

: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction - - - -------------------- - - 94&nbsp;</b></p><p>3.2 Research Design - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - 94&nbsp;</p><p>3.3 Population - - - - - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - 94&nbsp;</p><p>3.4 Sample and Sampling Technique - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------- - 96&nbsp;</p><p>3.5 Instrumentation - - - - - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - 98</p><p>&nbsp;3.5.1 Validity of the Instrument - - - - - -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 98&nbsp;</p><p>3.5.2 Pilot Study - - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - 98&nbsp;</p><p>3.5.3 Reliability of the Instrument - - - - ----------------------------------------------------------------------- - 99&nbsp;</p><p>3.6 Administration of the Instrument - - - - ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 99&nbsp;</p><p>3.7 Method of Scoring------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 100&nbsp;</p><p>3.8 Methods of Data Analysis-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 100&nbsp;</p><p><b>

Chapter FOUR

: DATA ANALYSIS, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Introduction - - - - - - 101</b></p><p>&nbsp;4.2 Answers to Research Questions - - - -------------------------------------------------------------------- - 101&nbsp;</p><p>4.3 Hypotheses Testing - - - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 108</p><p>4.4 Summary of Major Findings - - - - ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - 115&nbsp;</p><p>4.5 Discussions of the Findings - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------ - 116&nbsp;</p><p><b>

Chapter FIVE

: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Introduction - - - - - - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 122&nbsp;</b></p><p>5.2 Summary - - - - - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - 122&nbsp;</p><p>5.3 Conclusions - - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - - 125&nbsp;</p><p>5.4 Recommendations - - - - - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- - 127&nbsp;</p><p>5.5 Suggestions for Further Studies - - - --------------------------------------------------------------- - 128&nbsp;</p><p>References - - - - - - - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - 130&nbsp;</p>