<p>&nbsp;           <b>TABLE OF CONTENTS&nbsp;</b></p><p>Cover Page------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------i&nbsp;</p><p>Title Page---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii&nbsp;</p><p>Declaration------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iii&nbsp;</p><p>Certification-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iv&nbsp;</p><p>Dedication-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------v&nbsp;</p><p>Acknowledgements-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------vi&nbsp;</p><p>Abstract---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------vii&nbsp;</p><p>Table of Contents-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------viii&nbsp;</p><p>List of Figures------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------xi&nbsp;</p><p>List of Tables-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------xii&nbsp;</p><p>List of Abbreviations and symbols--------------------------------------------------------------------------------xiv&nbsp;</p><p>List of Appendices---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------xvi&nbsp;</p><p>Definition of Operational Terms-----------------------------------------------------------------------------xvii&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter ONE

: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study------------------------------------1&nbsp;</p><p>1.2 Statement of the Problem----------------------------------------------------------------------------------6&nbsp;</p><p>1.3 Objectives of the Study-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8&nbsp;</p><p>1.4 Research Questions----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8&nbsp;</p><p>1.5 Research Hypotheses--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9&nbsp;</p><p>1.6 Basic Assumptions-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10</p><p>1.7 Significance of the Study----------------------------------------------------------------------------------10&nbsp;</p><p>1.8 Scope of the Study------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter TWO

: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE--------------------------------------------13</p><p>2.1 Introduction-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13&nbsp;</p><p>2.2 Conceptual Framework---------------------------------------------------------------------------------13&nbsp;</p><p>2.2.1 Concept of Biology------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14&nbsp;</p><p>2.2.2 Concept of Inquiry Method--------------------------------------------------------------------------18&nbsp;</p><p>2.2.3 Concept of Demonstration Method----------------------------------------------------------------21&nbsp;</p><p>2.2.4 Concept of Students‘ Academic Performance-------------------------------------------------23</p><p>2.3 Theoretical Framework---------------------------------------------------------------------------------24&nbsp;</p><p>2.3.1 Piaget‘s Development Theory----------------------------------------------------------------------27&nbsp;</p><p>2.3.2 Bruner‘s Theory of Cognitive learning----------------------------------------------------------30&nbsp;</p><p>2.3.3 Dewey‘s Cognitive Theory------------------------------------------------------------------------33&nbsp;</p><p>2.3.4 Vygotsky‘s Learning Theory----------------------------------------------------------------------35&nbsp;</p><p>2.4 Biology Education Curriculum in Secondary Schools in Nigeria---------------------------37&nbsp;</p><p>2.5 Instructional Methods in the Teaching of Biology ---------------------------------------------41&nbsp;</p><p>2.5.1 Teacher-Centred Method-------------------------------------------------------------------------43&nbsp;</p><p>2.5.2 Student-Centred Method-------------------------------------------------------------------------46&nbsp;</p><p>2.6 Inquiry Method---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------51&nbsp;</p><p>2.6.1 Features of Inquiry Method--------------------------------------------------------------------55&nbsp;</p><p>2.6.2 The Inquiry Process------------------------------------------------------------------------------59&nbsp;</p><p>2.6.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Inquiry Method--------------------------------------64&nbsp;</p><p>2.6.4 Influence of Inquiry method on Students‘ performance in Biology-------------------65&nbsp;</p><p>2.7 Demonstration Method----------------------------------------------------------------------------66&nbsp;</p><p>2.7.1 Types of Demonstration Method-------------------------------------------------------------68&nbsp;</p><p>2.7.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Demonstration Method----------------------------69&nbsp;</p><p>2.7.3 Influence of Demonstration Method on Students‘ Performance in Biology----------71&nbsp;</p><p>2.8 Student‘s attitudes towards Biology and Instructional Methods---------------------------72&nbsp;</p><p>2.9 Empirical Studies--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------74&nbsp;</p><p>2.10 Summary----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------100&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter THREE

: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY----------------------------------------------101&nbsp;</p><p>3.1 Introduction--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------101&nbsp;</p><p>3.2 Research Design-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------101&nbsp;</p><p>3.3 Population----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------103&nbsp;</p><p>3.4 Sample and Sampling Techniques---------------------------------------------------------------103&nbsp;</p><p>3.4.1 Homogeneity of Sample--------------------------------------------------------------------------106&nbsp;</p><p>3.5 Instrumentation----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------107&nbsp;</p><p>3.5.1 Table of Specification-----------------------------------------------------------------------------107&nbsp;</p><p>3.5.2 Treatment Package-------------------------------------------------------------------------------109&nbsp;</p><p>3.5.3 Validity of the Instrument-------------------------------------------------------------------------112&nbsp;</p><p>3.5.4 Pilot Study-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------113&nbsp;</p><p>3.5.5 Reliability of the Instrument----------------------------------------------------------------------113&nbsp;</p><p>3.6 Procedure for Data Collection---------------------------------------------------------------------114&nbsp;</p><p>3.6.1 Treatment Procedure-----------------------------------------------------------------------------115&nbsp;</p><p>3.6.2 Control of Extraneous Variables---------------------------------------------------------------132&nbsp;</p><p>3.7 Procedure for Data Analysis----------------------------------------------------------------------133&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter FOUR

: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION--------------134</p><p>4.1 Introduction----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------134&nbsp;</p><p>4.2 Description of Study Variables-----------------------------------------------------------------------134&nbsp;</p><p>4.3 Analysis of Research Questions---------------------------------------------------------------------135&nbsp;</p><p>4.4 Hypotheses Testing--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------139&nbsp;</p><p>4.5 Summary of Major Findings--------------------------------------------------------------------------145&nbsp;</p><p>4.6 Discussion of Findings--------------------------------------------------------------------------------146&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter FIVE

: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS--------------152&nbsp;</p><p>5.1 Summary-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------152&nbsp;</p><p>5.2 Conclusion--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------154</p><p>&nbsp;5.3 Recommendations-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------154&nbsp;</p><p>5.4 Contributions to Knowledge---------------------------------------------------------------------------155&nbsp;</p><p>5.5 Suggestions for further Study------------------------------------------------------------------------156&nbsp;</p><p>References----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------157&nbsp;</p><p>Appendices---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------170 <br></p>