<p>&nbsp;       <b>TABLE OF CONTENTS&nbsp;</b></p><p>Cover Page------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------i&nbsp;</p><p>Title Page--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii&nbsp;</p><p>Declaration-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iii&nbsp;</p><p>Certification-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iv&nbsp;</p><p>Dedication-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------v&nbsp;</p><p>Acknowledgements------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------vi&nbsp;</p><p>Abstract--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------vii&nbsp;</p><p>Table of Contents-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------viii</p><p>List of Figures------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------xi&nbsp;</p><p>List of Tables------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------xii&nbsp;</p><p>List of Abbreviations and symbols--------------------------------------------------------------------------------xiv&nbsp;</p><p>List of Appendices---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------xvi&nbsp;</p><p>Definition of Operational Terms--------------------------------------------------------------------------------xvii&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter ONE

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1</p><p>1.0 INTRODUCTION------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1</p><p>1.1 Background to the Study--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1&nbsp;</p><p>1.2 Statement of the Problem------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6&nbsp;</p><p>1.3 Objectives of the Study---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8&nbsp;</p><p>1.4 Research Questions-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8&nbsp;</p><p>1.5 Research Hypotheses-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9&nbsp;</p><p>1.6 Basic Assumptions---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10&nbsp;</p><p>1.7 Significance of the Study-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10&nbsp;</p><p>1.8 Scope of the Study----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter TWO

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13</p><p>2.0 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE----------------------------------------------------------------------13</p><p>2.1 Introduction----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13</p><p>2.2 Conceptual Framework-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13&nbsp;</p><p>2.2.1 Concept of Biology----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14</p><p>&nbsp;2.2.2 Concept of Inquiry Method-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------18</p><p>&nbsp;2.2.3 Concept of Demonstration Method-------------------------------------------------------------------------21</p><p>&nbsp;2.2.4 Concept of Students‘ Academic Performance----------------------------------------------------------23</p><p>&nbsp;2.3 Theoretical Framework------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24</p><p>&nbsp;2.3.1 Piaget‘s Development Theory--------------------------------------------------------------------------------27</p><p>&nbsp;2.3.2 Bruner‘s Theory of Cognitive learning----------------------------------------------------------------------30</p><p>&nbsp;2.3.3 Dewey‘s Cognitive Theory------------------------------------------------------------------------------------33</p><p>&nbsp;2.3.4 Vygotsky‘s Learning Theory----------------------------------------------------------------------------------35&nbsp;</p><p>2.4 Biology Education Curriculum in Secondary Schools in Nigeria---------------------------------------37</p><p>&nbsp;2.5 Instructional Methods in the Teaching of Biology---------------------------------------------------------41&nbsp;</p><p>2.5.1 Teacher-Centred Method-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------43&nbsp;</p><p>2.5.2 Student-Centred Method-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------46&nbsp;</p><p>2.6 Inquiry Method-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------51&nbsp;</p><p>2.6.1 Features of Inquiry Method-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------55&nbsp;</p><p>2.6.2 The Inquiry Process-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------59&nbsp;</p><p>2.6.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Inquiry Method---------------------------------------------------64&nbsp;</p><p>2.6.4 Influence of Inquiry method on Students‘ performance in Biology-------------------------------65&nbsp;</p><p>2.7 Demonstration Method-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------66&nbsp;</p><p>2.7.1 Types of Demonstration Method--------------------------------------------------------------------------68&nbsp;</p><p>2.7.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Demonstration Method----------------------------------------69&nbsp;</p><p>2.7.3 Influence of Demonstration Method on Students‘ Performance in Biology---------------------71&nbsp;</p><p>2.8 Student‘s attitudes towards Biology and Instructional Methods--------------------------------------72&nbsp;</p><p>2.9 Empirical Studies------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------74&nbsp;</p><p>2.10 Summary-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------100&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter THREE

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------101&nbsp;</p><p>3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY------------------------------------------------------------------------------101&nbsp;</p><p>3.1 Introduction-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------101&nbsp;</p><p>3.2 Research Design------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------101&nbsp;</p><p>3.3 Population---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------103&nbsp;</p><p>3.4 Sample and Sampling Techniques--------------------------------------------------------------------------103&nbsp;</p><p>3.4.1 Homogeneity of Sample-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------106&nbsp;</p><p>3.5 Instrumentation---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------107&nbsp;</p><p>3.5.1 Table of Specification-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------107&nbsp;</p><p>3.5.2 Treatment Package-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------109&nbsp;</p><p>3.5.3 Validity of the Instrument------------------------------------------------------------------------------------112&nbsp;</p><p>3.5.4 Pilot Study-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------113&nbsp;</p><p>3.5.5 Reliability of the Instrument----------------------------------------------------------------------------------113&nbsp;</p><p>3.6 Procedure for Data Collection---------------------------------------------------------------------------------114&nbsp;</p><p>3.6.1 Treatment Procedure-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------115&nbsp;</p><p>3.6.2 Control of Extraneous Variables----------------------------------------------------------------------------132&nbsp;</p><p>3.7 Procedure for Data Analysis-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------133&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter FOUR

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------134&nbsp;</p><p>4.0 DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION-----------------------------------------------134&nbsp;</p><p>4.1 Introduction----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------134&nbsp;</p><p>4.2 Description of Study Variables----------------------------------------------------------------------------------134&nbsp;</p><p>4.3 Analysis of Research Questions-------------------------------------------------------------------------------135&nbsp;</p><p>4.4 Hypotheses Testing-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------139&nbsp;</p><p>4.5 Summary of Major Findings-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------145&nbsp;</p><p>4.6 Discussion of Findings------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------146&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter FIVE

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------147</p><p>5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS----------------------------------------------147&nbsp;</p><p>5.1 Summary-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------152&nbsp;</p><p>5.2 Conclusion-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------154&nbsp;</p><p>5.3 Recommendations------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------154&nbsp;</p><p>5.4 Contributions to Knowledge------------------------------------------------------------------------------------155&nbsp;</p><p>5.5 Suggestions for further Study----------------------------------------------------------------------------------156&nbsp;</p><p>References---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------157&nbsp;</p><p>Appendices--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------170 <br></p>