<p> TABLE OF CONTENTS&nbsp;</p><p>Title page --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i</p><p>&nbsp;Declaration -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii&nbsp;</p><p>Dedication------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iii&nbsp;</p><p>Certification ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iv&nbsp;</p><p>Acknowledgements -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------v&nbsp;</p><p>Abstract -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vii&nbsp;</p><p>Table of contents -=-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------viii&nbsp;</p><p>List of tables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xii&nbsp;</p><p>List of figures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ xiv&nbsp;</p><p>List of Appendices------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xv&nbsp;</p><p>Abbreviations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ xvi&nbsp;</p><p>Operational Definition of terms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xvii&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter ONE

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1&nbsp;</p><p>1.1 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1&nbsp;</p><p>1.1.1 Theoretical Frame work ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8&nbsp;</p><p>1.2 Statement of the Problem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10&nbsp;</p><p>1.3 Objectives of the Study -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12&nbsp;</p><p>1.4 Research Questions -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13&nbsp;</p><p>1.5 Null Hypotheses --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13&nbsp;</p><p>1.6 Significance of the Study ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13&nbsp;</p><p>1.7 Scope of the Study -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14&nbsp;</p><p>1.8 Basic Assumptions ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14&nbsp;</p><p><b>

Chapter TWO

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15&nbsp;</b></p><p>2.0 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE-------------------------------------------------------------------------15&nbsp;</p><p>2.1 Introduction ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15</p><p>&nbsp;2.2 Nature of Biology as Science Subject at Senior Secondary School Level --------------------------15&nbsp;</p><p>2.2.1 Teaching Ecology Concepts at Senior Secondary Level-----------------------------------------------17&nbsp;</p><p>2.2.2 Students Academic Achievement in Biology --------------------------------------------------------------19&nbsp;</p><p>2.3 Science Teaching Methods/Strategies ------------------------------------------------------------------------20&nbsp;</p><p>2.3.1 Field Trip Teaching Strategy -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------27&nbsp;</p><p>2.4 Retention Ability in Science ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34&nbsp;</p><p>2.5 School Location and Academic Achievement in Science.------------------------------------------------37&nbsp;</p><p>2.6 Overview of Similar Studies ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40&nbsp;</p><p>2.7 Implication of the Literature Reviewed on the Present Study------------------------------------------48&nbsp;</p><p><b>

Chapter THREE

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------50</b></p><p>&nbsp;3.0 METHODOLOGY--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------50</p><p>3.1 Introduction -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------50&nbsp;</p><p>3.2 Research Design--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50&nbsp;</p><p>3.3 Population of the Study, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 51</p><p>3.4 Sample and Sampling Procedure ------------------------------------------------------------------------------52&nbsp;</p><p>3.5 Instrumentation,----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53&nbsp;</p><p>3.6. Validation of the Instruments ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55</p><p>&nbsp;3.7 Pilot Testing ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55&nbsp;</p><p>3.8 Reliability of the Instruments, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56&nbsp;</p><p>3.9 Treatment Administration,--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------56&nbsp;</p><p>3.10 Procedure of Data Collection---------------------------------------------------------------------------------62&nbsp;</p><p>3.11 Data Analysis -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------62&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter FOUR

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------62&nbsp;</p><p>DATA PRESENTATION, RESULT ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION-----------------------------------------62</p><p>4.1 Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65</p><p>&nbsp;4.2 Analysis and Result Presentation---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65&nbsp;</p><p>4.3 Summary of Findings ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------70&nbsp;</p><p>4.4 Discussion of the Results ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------71&nbsp;</p><p><b>

Chapter FIVE

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------74</b></p><p>SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ..................................................................74</p><p>5.1 Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------74&nbsp;</p><p>5.2 Summary----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7</p><p>&nbsp;5.3 Conclusion --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75&nbsp;</p><p>5.4 Recommendations --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------77&nbsp;</p><p>5.7 Suggestions for Further Studies --------------------------------------------------------------------------------78&nbsp;</p><p>REFERENCES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 79&nbsp;</p>