ABSTRACT
The study investigated the Effect of Digital Video Disc Instruction on Students’ Achievement, Interest and Retention in Social Studies in Niger State, Nigeria. Nine research questions and nine null hypotheses guided the study.Quasi-experimental research design, precisely the pre-test posttest non–equivalent control design was adopted for the study. The study was carried out in the three senatorial zones of Niger State. The population of the study comprised of all the 32,509 Junior Secondary Schools two (JSSII) students from 201 co-educational Junior Secondary Schools in Niger State. The sample size for the study was 232 JSSII students drawn from the three senatorial Zones of the state. The instruments used for the study were Social Studies Achievement Test (SOSAT) and Interest Inventory Test on Social Studies (IITSOS). Digital Video Disc Package was developed for the experimental group and lecture method was used to teach the control group. The research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation and analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that students taught Social Studies using DVDI package achieved more than those taught using lecture method. Students taught with DVDI package had higher interest in Social Studies compared to their counterparts taught with the lecture method; students in the experimental group taught Social Studies in Junior Secondary Schools with DVDI package retained higher than their counterparts in the control group taught using lecture method; digital video disc instruction was found to be gender friendly among others. The study concluded among others that if the DVDI package is adopted in the teaching and learning of Social Studies in junior secondary schools, students’ achievement, interest and retention in the subject will be enhanced.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Social studies is a unique and versatile subject in that it comprises a number of
subject that are taught interactively. Its importance cannot be over emphasized since it
forms the basis of subject like history, geography, sociology, anthropology, government
and many other. It is meant to serve as a foundation; it needs to be taught properly and
meaningfully so that pupil should acquire solid andpermanent experience. For learning
to be permanent, relevant and appropriate instructional material should be employed.
Teacher should take the pain of providing instructional material using available resource
in their locality to enhance the quality of teaching and learning ( Audu&Agbo 2010).
Students are exposed to expository rather the inquiry method of instruction which
does not predispose them to experimentation (Anulobi, 2009). However, the National
policy on Education (FRN, 2004), stated that the aim of education is to inculcate in the
child, the spirit of inquiry and creativity through the exploration of nature. Education
should equip students with skills with which to live effectively in our modern age of
science and technology. In line with the above objective, the aim of social studies is to
develop in students the ability to think critically in order to make reasonable decisions in
issues that concern them, and the society at large. Research findings in education intend
to indicate that the instructional materials adopted by teachers do influence the cognitive,
psychomotor and affective outcomes of the students (Ofili 2003). Instructional materials
perform specific functions in learning such functions ranges from simplifying teaching to
make teaching effective. One of such instructional materials is the use of instructional
video. This is the production of video programmes directed towards helping students
achieve specific instructional objectives with a specific target population. This is referred
to the transmission of educational programme which can be stored in video, CD and
DVD. They are used to teach students repeatedly till they gain mastery on what is being
taught. They could be employed in topics where teacher find it difficult to carry out
practical. The main basic tasks of teaching are to release and increase such motivational
process and forces like interest and the need desire, and wish to learn. Instructional video
could be used to achieve this aim (Ema, 2006).
Instructional video does not only state a fact oral speech, it also shows that fact,
illustrates it and within a few moments puts it in a large context of knowledge related to
the fact. These various kinds of elaboration via sound tracts and pictures increase the
memory of the basic statement or information. It has been found that the duplication of
sensory channels and the richness of elaborated information are feature that contribute to
the ease of learning and also to the strength of retention of verbal
information.Educational instruction video is used to achieve objective which are
supposed to reflect in the attitude of the learners (Adeosun, 2002). Ofili (2003) and
Okworo (2008) found out that television and video tape influence learners, stimulate
learning and enrich the class with material not likely to be available in real classroom
setting. According to these scholars they make learning more permanent and offer
experiences, instructional video is a useful tool that helps to stimulate our perception,
increase our learning and seeing simultaneously it also allows repetitive viewing, the
learner can repeated view until the concept taught is well understood Hallinan (2000).
Gender issues and academic achievement has become a very important issue
among researchers, some studies are in view that boys perform better than girls and vice
versa. Females and males could do well in social studies if exposed to similar conditions
(Nsofor, 2001). According to this view, gender difference has little or influence on
students performance in social studies. Essentially, achievement by learners depend more
on personal effort. This implies that high achievement could be traced to the individual‘s
efforts. It is against this background that the research finds it necessary to investigate
whether or not educational media in the instructional delivery (video) could improve the
academic performance and consequently better students coming of the subject.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The foundation for the use of instructional video was brought out of the problems
faced by teacher of social studies in their teaching and making of students note, test and
examinations which is being administered on them .thus this research intends to find a
solution for these problems and to fill the gaps. These problems have created in Katsina
State. Among the factors contributing towards declining of student‘s performance is
social studies in junior secondary schools are as follows: Lack of qualified social studies
teachers to teach the subject, Inadequate training of social studies teachers, Poor and
inadequate instructional materials in the JSS social studies, Over population of students,
Outdated or conventional methods of teaching social studies and Inadequate funding or
supplying of invented instructional machine to aid teachers of social studies delivery
(Eshiette, 2009).
The effect of all these problems enumerated above are clearly manifested in
producing high wastage inform of students to lose interest in taking social studies as a
subject, therefore ,it is anticipated that educational technology professionals could be
used to solve some of these problems. This is because application of educational
technology approach to instruction shifts emphasis on teaching and learning from
conventional talk and chalk to system and instructional materials approach (instruction
video). In order to enhance the performance of students in social studies.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The objectives of the study are to.
1. Examine difference between academic performance of students taught social
studies with instructional video and those without instructional video in Katsina
State.
2. Examine whether instructional video has any gender influence on the academic
performance of social-studies students in, Nigeria.
1.4 Research Questions
The study sought to find out the following research questions:
1. Will there any difference between the academic performance of the group
taught with instructional video from those taught without instructional video.
2. Does gender influence the performance of student taught with instructional
video, Nigeria?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
The following hypotheses were raised to guide the study:
Ho1: There is no significant difference in the academic performance between the group
taught using instructional video and the group taught without the use of
instructional video.
Ho2: There is no significant difference in the mean achievement score of males and
females students exposed to instructional video.
1.6 Basic Assumptions
The following are the basic assumptions of the study:
It is assume that the student were admitted in to the school using the same set admission
criteria. The researcher assumed that the students are randomly selected for the study are
representative of the secondary schools population in Nigeria. It is assumed that the
instructional video materials are available in secondary schools in Nigeria and they
are use by the teachers.
1.7 Significant of the Study
The findings of this research would be useful for the improvement of Nigerian
Basic Social Studies education in the following ways:
The study may serve as an insight to researchers, who might consult it in process
of carrying out similar study in the future. Education students in colleges and universities
may also find the study valuable when they consult it in the course of their studies. To
school administrators, it will bring to the fore, the vital functions that instructional video
play in teaching-learning process especially as relates to concretizing acquired
knowledge and skills for long term memory. Government may also find the study useful
because it attempts to show areas where its intervention is required, such as greater
commitment to issues like; re-training of teachers provision of structures, and material
resources/equipments that will promote effective teaching and learning. It is expected
that government will further realize the potentialities of the various instructional
materials as crucial tools to teachers for the attainment of instructional objectives and to
that effect provide' the needed financial and moral support to acquisition and proper
utilization of such materials.
Curriculum planners and policy makers on education may also benefit from the
study in such a way that when engaged in further review of curriculum, interest groups
such as nongovernmental organizations and students' associations will be contacted to
make their input. It is hoped to be of significant value to social studies teachers who are
implementers of the Social studies curriculum. The study may avail social studies
teachers with an opportunity to broaden their professional skills in utilization of
instructional video in instruction. This would enhance their resourcefulness which will in
turn impact behavioral changes in the learners which is the ultimate goal of education. To
parents and non-governmental organizations, it could engage them to take prime roles in
the provision of instructional media to schools and creating opportunities for capacity
building to keep teachers abreast to recent developments in the art of teaching. Finally,
the study will provide additional literature that could enrich the existing ones in area of
instructional video.
1.8 Scope of the Study
This study was undertaken to determine the effect of instructional video
utilization on academic performance of social studies secondary schools of Nigeria.
The study was limited to:Junior secondary school (JSS II) students selected from the two
junior secondary schools in the following towns,The topic covered was limited to
national identity and lesson was taught for 6 weeks, including pre-test and post-test.
📚 Over 50,000 Project Materials
📱 100% Offline: No internet needed
📝 Over 98 Departments
🔍 Software coding and Machine construction
🎓 Postgraduate/Undergraduate Research works
📥 Instant Whatsapp/Email Delivery
The research project, "Exploring the Impact of Digital Art Platforms on Art Education in Secondary Schools," delves into the transformative effects of...
The research project titled "Exploring the Impact of Digital Technology on Art Education in Secondary Schools" aims to investigate the influence and i...
The project, "Exploring the Impact of Virtual Reality Technology on Art Education," aims to investigate the influence of virtual reality (VR) technolo...
The project titled "Investigating the Impact of Digital Technologies on Creative Learning in Art Education" aims to explore how the integration of dig...
The project topic "Exploring the Impact of Visual Arts Integration on Student Learning in Elementary Schools" aims to investigate the effects of incor...
The project topic "The Influence of Technology on Teaching Art in Secondary Schools" delves into the intersection of technology and art education in t...
The project titled "Exploring the Impact of Virtual Reality Technology on Art Education" aims to investigate the effects of incorporating virtual real...
Overview: The integration of technology in education has revolutionized the traditional teaching and learning methods across various disciplines. In the realm ...
The Impact of Technology on Art Education: A Case Study of Virtual Reality in the Classroom Overview: Art education has always been a dynamic field that contin...