Project Abstract

Abstract
Poultry farming is a vital sector in the agricultural industry, contributing significantly to food security and economic development globally. However, one of the major challenges faced by poultry farmers is the prevalence of diseases among their flocks, leading to high mortality rates and economic losses. This research project aims to investigate the influence and prevalence of poultry diseases and their associated mortality rates. The study will employ a mixed-methods approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. Quantitative data will be gathered through surveys and analysis of existing records from poultry farms, veterinary clinics, and relevant government agencies. Qualitative data will be obtained through interviews and focus group discussions with poultry farmers, veterinarians, and industry experts. The research will focus on identifying the most common poultry diseases affecting different types of poultry, including chickens, ducks, and turkeys. By analyzing the prevalence of these diseases and their mortality rates, the study aims to provide insights into the impact of diseases on poultry production and the overall economy. Furthermore, the project will investigate the factors contributing to the spread of poultry diseases, including biosecurity measures, vaccination practices, environmental conditions, and management practices. By understanding these factors, the research aims to recommend effective strategies for disease prevention and control in poultry farms. The findings of this research are expected to have significant implications for poultry farmers, veterinarians, policymakers, and other stakeholders in the poultry industry. By providing data-driven insights into the prevalence of poultry diseases and their mortality rates, the study aims to raise awareness about the importance of disease control measures and promote best practices in poultry farming. Overall, this research project seeks to contribute to the body of knowledge on poultry health and disease management. By shedding light on the influence and prevalence of poultry diseases and their mortality rates, the study aims to support efforts to improve the health and welfare of poultry flocks, enhance food safety and security, and promote sustainable development in the poultry industry.

Project Overview

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Agriculture in Nigeria has remained the largest sector contributing nearly 39% to the gross domestic product for the past two decades and employing nearly 60% of its workforce. Over 80% of the country’s population in the rural areas is directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture for its livelihood (NBC,2005). The Nigeria livestock resources consist of 13,885,813 cattle; 34,453,724 Goat; 22,092, 602 sheep; 3,406,381 pigs; 104,247,960 poultry (Rim, 1992). From these figures, poultry is about 58. 72% of the total livestock production which indicates the place of poultry sub-sections in the livestock industry.

Poultry plays an important economic, nutritional and socio-cultural role in the livelihood or rural household in many developing countries including Nigeria. Poultry are birds that include fowl, turkey, duck, goose, ostrich guinea fowl, pigeon etc. which render not only economic services but contribute significantly to human food as a primary supplier of meat, egg, raw materials for industries (feathers, waste products), source of income and employment to people compare to other domestic animals (Avila 1985; Demehe, 2004).Poultry meat and eggs play a very useful role in protein production in Nigeria. They are palatable and generally acceptable. This acceptability cuts across nearly all cultural region boundaries in Nigeria. Poultry industry plays important role in the development of Nigeria economy. Poultry production has become a full time job for many Nigerians and significantly contribute to the Groose National Product (GNP) (Umeh and Odo; 2002). Poultry products mainly meat and eggs represent important food for improving the nutritional status particularly of the most vulnerable populations-children and pregnant women. Poultry production is an important part of farming in many parts of the world. The major attracting factor in poultry production is probably the tendency of providing a fairly rapid return on capital (Abdulkali; 2002).

The poultry industry in Nigeria has recorded considerable expansion in recent time (FAO, 2000). For example, the creation of Akwa Ibom State in 1987 and the increased activities of oil and gas companies in the area with the resultant improvement in the demand for animal protein especially in the form of poultry products. This has led to the establishment of poultry farms which are located in Uyo agricultural zone of the state. While overall national increase in poultry production has probably triggered off vigorous research into alternative and cheaper feed resources urgently needed to sustain such growth: there is the need to continually focus attention on the health of the animals in other to realize the full potential of the industry (Fasami; 1990).

Poultry diseases remain one of the major threats to boosting poultry production in Nigeria (Halle et al., 1998; Laseinde, 2002). Poultry diseases continue to play major central role in hampering its development (FAO, 1998; Rushton et al, 1999) The impact of diseases on animal agriculture is typically assessed in quantitative terms. In poultry industry examples of these terms include lost revenues, costs of vaccination/prevention, eradication, decontamination and restocking. These have been referred to as a negative input (Unrusfield, 1995). In Nigeria, diseases are among the major factors that hinder poultry development (Alanargot, 1987; Alemu, 1995).