<p>1. Introduction<br> 1.1 Background<br> 1.2 Problem Statement<br> 1.3 Research Objectives<br> 1.4 Significance of the Study<br><br>2. Literature Review<br> 2.1 Animal Welfare in Transportation<br> 2.2 Factors Affecting Animal Welfare during Long-Distance Travel<br> 2.3 Previous Studies on Transportation Methods and Animal Welfare<br><br>3. Methodology<br> 3.1 Study Design<br> 3.2 Sample Selection<br> 3.3 Data Collection Methods<br> 3.4 Variables and Measurements<br> 3.5 Statistical Analysis<br><br>4. Transportation Methods<br> 4.1 Road Transport<br> 4.1.1 Vehicle Design and Ventilation<br> 4.1.2 Stocking Density<br> 4.1.3 Handling Practices<br> 4.2 Rail Transport<br> 4.2.1 Wagon Design and Ventilation<br> 4.2.2 Stocking Density<br> 4.2.3 Handling Practices<br> 4.3 Air Transport<br> 4.3.1 Aircraft Design and Ventilation<br> 4.3.2 Stocking Density<br> 4.3.3 Handling Practices<br> 4.4 Sea Transport<br> 4.4.1 Vessel Design and Ventilation<br> 4.4.2 Stocking Density<br> 4.4.3 Handling Practices<br><br>5. Data Analysis and Results<br> 5.1 Descriptive Statistics<br> 5.2 Comparison of Transportation Methods<br> 5.3 Analysis of Animal Welfare Indicators<br> 5.4 Discussion of Findings <br></p>
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