<p>&nbsp;           <b>TABLE OF CONTENTS&nbsp;</b></p><p>Title Page .................................................................................................................................. i&nbsp;</p><p>Declaration................................................................................................................................ ii&nbsp;</p><p>Acknowledgment ...................................................................................................................iii&nbsp;</p><p>Abstract.................................................................................................................................... iv&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;List of Tables ..……………………………………..…………………………………………x&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;List of Figures ..……………….…………………………………………..…………………xi&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter ONE

: INTRODUCTION................................................................................... 1&nbsp;</p><p>1.1. Background ....................................................................................................................... 1&nbsp;</p><p>1.2. Problem Statement ............................................................................................................ 2&nbsp;</p><p>1.3. Justification ....................................................................................................................... 3&nbsp;</p><p>1.4. Research Objectives .......................................................................................................... 3&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;1.4.1.Specific Objectives ....................................................................................................... 4&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter TWO

: LITERATURE REVIEW...................................................................... 5&nbsp;</p><p>2.1. Sun Drying......................................................................................................................... 6&nbsp;</p><p>2.2. Solar Drying....................................................................................................................... 7&nbsp;</p><p>2.3. Types of Solar Dryers........................................................................................................ 8&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;2.3.1. Direct Solar Dryers...................................................................................................... 8&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;2.3.2. Indirect Solar Dryers.................................................................................................. 14&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;2.3.3. Mixed Mode Solar Dryers ......................................................................................... 17&nbsp;</p><p>2.4. Hybrid Solar Dryers......................................................................................................... 21&nbsp;</p><p>2.5. Solar Dryers with Concentrators...................................................................................... 23&nbsp;</p><p>2.6. Materials Used for Constructing Solar Dryers................................................................. 26 <br></p><p>&nbsp;2.7. Gaps Identified in the Review.......................................................................................... 30&nbsp;</p><p>2.8. Components of Solar Dryers............................................................................................ 32&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;2.8.1. Solar Collector ........................................................................................................... 32&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;2.8.2. Drying Chamber........................................................................................................ 33&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;2.8.3. Chimney.................................................................................................................... 34&nbsp;</p><p>2.9. Performance Evaluation of Dryers................................................................................... 34&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;2.9.1. Collector Efficiency................................................................................................... 34&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;2.9.2. Drying Efficiency....................................................................................................... 35&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;2.9.3. Drying Rate................................................................................................................ 35&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;2.9.4. Moisture Content ....................................................................................................... 36&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter THREE

: MATERIALS AND METHODS .................................................... 37&nbsp;</p><p>3.1. Design Procedure ............................................................................................................. 37&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;3.1.1. Drying Temperature................................................................................................... 37&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;3.1.2. Amount of Moisture to be Removed ......................................................................... 38&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;3.1.3. Heat Energy Required to Remove Water................................................................... 38&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;3.1.4. Sizing the Collector.................................................................................................... 40&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;3.1.5. Collector Orientation and Tilt Angle ......................................................................... 41&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;3.1.6. Air Flow Requirement ............................................................................................... 41&nbsp;</p><p>3.2. Construction of the Solar Dryer....................................................................................... 42&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;3.2.1. Collector..................................................................................................................... 42&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;3.2.2. Drying Chamber......................................................................................................... 43&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;3.2.3. Chimney..................................................................................................................... 43&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;3.2.4. Backup Heater............................................................................................................ 44&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;3.2.5. Drawing of the Dryer................................................................................................. 44</p><p> ii 3.2.6. Cost of Dryer.............................................................................................................. 47&nbsp;</p><p>3.3. Experimental Procedures and Dryer Evaluation.............................................................. 48&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;3.3.1. Material Preparation for Drying............................................................................... 48&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;3.3.2. Instruments Used for Data Collection...................................................................... 48&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;3.3.3. Dryer Evaluation Tests .............................................................................................. 49&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;3.3.3.1. No Load Test......................................................................................................... 49&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;3.3.3.2. Solar Drying Test.................................................................................................. 50&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;3.3.3.3. Solar Drying in Hybrid Mode Test: Backup Heater used only in the Evening .... 51&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;3.3.3.4. Solar Drying in Hybrid Mode Test: Backup Heater used during Day Time and in the Evening ........................................................................................................................... .............................51&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter FOUR

: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION............................................................... 52&nbsp;</p><p>4.1. No Load Test.................................................................................................................... 52&nbsp;</p><p>4.2. Solar Drying Test............................................................................................................. 54&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;4.3. Solar Drying in Hybrid Mode: Backup Heater used only in the Evening ....................... 58&nbsp;</p><p>4.4. Solar Drying in Hybrid Mode: Backup Heater used During Day Time and in the Evening ............................................................................................................................. 63&nbsp;</p><p>4.5. Drying Rate...................................................................................................................... 67&nbsp;</p><p>4.6. Collector Efficiency and Drying Efficiency .................................................................... 68&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter FIVE

: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................... 71&nbsp;</p><p>5.1. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 71&nbsp;</p><p>5.2. Recommendations............................................................................................................ 72&nbsp;</p><p>REFERENCES...................................................................................................................... 73&nbsp;</p><p>APPENDIX 1: Sample Analysis of Moisture Content .......................................................... 80&nbsp;</p><p>APPENDIX 2: Typical Temperature and Humidity Variation with time During No-Load Test.................................................................................................................................... 84&nbsp;</p><p>APPENDIX 3: Solar Insulation, W/m2 (Solar Lab, KNUST)............................................... 85 A</p><p>PPENDIX 4: Chemical Composition of Fresh pineapple and mango ................................ 86</p><p>&nbsp;APPENDIX 5: Gyapa stove Sizes, Dimensions and Applications....................................... 87&nbsp;</p><p>APPENDIX 6: Cost of the Solar Dryer ................................................................................. 88 &nbsp; &nbsp; <br></p>