<p>1. Introduction<br> 1.1 Background<br> 1.2 Objectives<br>2. Types of Agrochemicals<br> 2.1 Pesticides<br> 2.1.1 Insecticides<br> 2.1.2 Herbicides<br> 2.1.3 Fungicides<br> 2.2 Fertilizers<br> 2.2.1 Nitrogen-based fertilizers<br> 2.2.2 Phosphorus-based fertilizers<br> 2.2.3 Potassium-based fertilizers<br> 2.3 Plant growth regulators<br>3. Environmental Impacts of Agrochemicals<br> 3.1 Soil contamination<br> 3.1.1 Persistence and accumulation<br> 3.1.2 Soil fertility and nutrient cycling<br> 3.2 Water pollution<br> 3.2.1 Surface water contamination<br> 3.2.2 Groundwater contamination<br> 3.3 Air pollution<br> 3.3.1 Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)<br> 3.3.2 Greenhouse gas emissions<br> 3.4 Biodiversity loss<br> 3.4.1 Effects on beneficial insects and pollinators<br> 3.4.2 Impact on soil microorganisms<br>4. Mitigation Strategies for Agrochemical Environmental Risks<br> 4.1 Integrated Pest Management (IPM)<br> 4.1.1 Biological control<br> 4.1.2 Cultural practices<br> 4.1.3 Crop rotation<br> 4.2 Precision Agriculture<br> 4.2.1 Variable rate application<br> 4.2.2 Remote sensing and GIS<br> 4.3 Sustainable use of fertilizers<br> 4.3.1 Nutrient management planning<br> 4.3.2 Controlled-release fertilizers<br> 4.4 Best management practices (BMPs)<br> 4.4.1 Buffer zones and riparian areas<br> 4.4.2 Conservation tillage<br>5. Regulatory Framework and Policies<br> 5.1 International regulations<br> 5.2 National regulations<br> 5.3 Labeling and safety precautions<br>6. Future Directions and Research Needs<br> 6.1 Alternatives to agrochemicals<br> 6.2 Emerging technologies<br> 6.3 Risk assessment and monitoring<br>7. Conclusion<br> 7.1 Summary of key findings<br> 7.2 Implications for sustainable agriculture<br></p>
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