<p>&nbsp;                      <b>TABLE OF CONTENTS</b>&nbsp;</p><p>Title page---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------i&nbsp;</p><p>Declaration-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii&nbsp;</p><p>Certification------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iii&nbsp;</p><p>Dedication---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iv&nbsp;</p><p>Acknowledgements---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------v&nbsp;</p><p>Abstract------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ix&nbsp;</p><p>Table of Contents------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------x&nbsp;</p><p>List of Tables------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------xiii&nbsp;</p><p>List of Figures-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------xv&nbsp;</p><p>List of Appendices-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------xvi&nbsp;</p><p>List of Abbreviations-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------xvii</p><p>

Chapter ONE

: INTRODUCTION-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1&nbsp;</p><p>1.1 Background to the Study----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1&nbsp;</p><p>1.2 Statement of the Problem---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4&nbsp;</p><p>1.3 Objectives of the Study-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7&nbsp;</p><p>1.4 Research Hypothesis-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8&nbsp;</p><p>1.5 Justification of the Study-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter TWO

: LITERATURE REVIEW ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11</p><p>2.1 Introduction --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------11&nbsp;</p><p>2.2 Agricultural Development Programmes(ADPs) in Nigeria-------------------------------------------------------11&nbsp;</p><p>2.2.1 Kaduna State ADP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -12&nbsp;</p><p>2.2.2 Kano State ADP -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 <br></p><p> 2.2.3 Kebbi State ADP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14&nbsp;</p><p>2.3 Agricultural Development and Extension System in Nigeria ------------------------------------------------------- 17&nbsp;</p><p>.4 Socio-economic Characteristics of Extension Agents ----------------------------------------------------------------- 19&nbsp;</p><p>2.5 Perception Studies and Use of ICT ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20&nbsp;</p><p>2.5.1 The Application of Perception in Studies ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22&nbsp;</p><p>2.6 Communicating for Agricultural Development --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26&nbsp;</p><p>2.7 Use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) -------------------------------------------------------- 29</p><p>&nbsp;2.8 Constraints to the Use of ICT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&nbsp; 42</p><p>&nbsp;

Chapter THREE

: THEORETICAL MODEL -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44&nbsp;</p><p>3.1 Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&nbsp; 44</p><p>&nbsp;3.2 Social Change Theory ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44</p><p>&nbsp;3.3 Model for this Study ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 48</p><p>&nbsp;3.4 Independent Variables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48&nbsp;</p><p>3.5 Dependent Variable -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&nbsp; 51</p><p>&nbsp;3.6 ICT Effects on Users ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 51&nbsp;</p><p>

Chapter FOUR

: METHODOLOGY -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52&nbsp;</p><p>4.1 The Study Area ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&nbsp; 52</p><p>4.2 The Climate and People ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52</p><p>&nbsp;4.3 Sampling Techniques and Sample Size ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55&nbsp;</p><p>4.4 Method of Data Collection ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56</p><p>&nbsp;4.5 Operational Definitions and Measurement of Variables ---------------------------------------------------------------- 56</p><p>&nbsp;4.5.1 Independent variables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&nbsp; 56&nbsp;</p><p>4.5.2 Dependent Variable -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&nbsp; 64&nbsp;</p><p>4.5.3 Effects of ICT on Users ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65</p><p>&nbsp;4.6 Analytical Techniques ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&nbsp; 65</p><p>&nbsp;

Chapter FIVE

: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68&nbsp;</p><p>5.1 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&nbsp;&nbsp;68&nbsp;</p><p>5.1.0 Socio-economic characteristics of VEAs and their perceptions. --------------------------------------------------- 68</p><p>&nbsp;5.1.1 Socio-economic Characteristics of the Village Extension Agents (VEAs) ------------------------------------- 68&nbsp;</p><p>5.1.2 The Village Extension Agents (VEA)’s Perceptions based on the Organization factors in Relation to ICT Usage ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&nbsp;&nbsp; 71</p><p>&nbsp;5.1.3 The VEA’s Perceptions based on Environmental factors in Relation to ICT Usage -------------------------73&nbsp;</p><p>5.2.1 Level of Awareness by VEAs ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 76&nbsp;</p><p>5.2.2 Level of Accessibility of ICT to VEAs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81</p><p>&nbsp;5.3 The Extent of usage of ICT by VEAs on their work ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 85</p><p>&nbsp;5.4 Relationship between the selected VEAs’ characteristics and usage of ICT ----------------------------------90&nbsp;</p><p>5.5 The Effects of ICT usage by VEAs 99 5.6 Problems encountered by VEAs in using ICT ------------------102</p><p>&nbsp;CHAPTER SIX: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ----------------------------------------118&nbsp;</p><p>6.1 Summary ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&nbsp; 118&nbsp;</p><p>6.2 Conclusion ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 119&nbsp;</p><p>6.3 Recommendations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&nbsp;&nbsp; 120</p><p>&nbsp;6.0 REFERENCES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 122</p><p>&nbsp;7.0 APPENDICES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 141&nbsp;</p>