Project Abstract

<p><br>The research was carried out based on the perception of farmers of the effect of climate change on farm produce.<br><br>The aim of the study was to identify various climatic factors that<br>can affect farming system which include sunrise (hot temperature),<br>winter, equinox, rainfall, summer, coldness, wind etc and also places<br>where lakes, rivers ocean / sea, stream, rocks/ hills forest etc are<br>available .<br><br>Critically, the study revealed that rainfall and dry season are the<br>common features in Nigerian climate which are the natural determinant<br>for farm produce.<br><br>The study assessed the problems associated with climate change and how farmers can cope with such effects.<br><br>It was deduced from the study that high temperature can be harmful<br>to crop produce and excessive rainfall can result to flooding and<br>washing off nutrients in soil and making it unfit for planting.<br><br>The study revealed facts that farmers are aware of numerous factors<br>that can be responsible for climate change such as changes in<br>rainfall, excessive wind, high temperature and shortage of rainfall.<br><br>The research was carried out in Lagos State Agricultural Supply Input Authority, Ojo Lagos State.<br><br>Sixty (60) respondents were selected as the sample size for the<br>study. The three (3) null (Ho) hypothesis formulated for the study were<br>all rejected and the alternate forms were accepted.<br><br>The instrument for the study was the questionnaires and it contained (30) thirty research questions.<br><br>Discussions and findings were based on the outcome of the responses.<br><br>The researcher holds confidence that if the finding and discussions<br>made in this study are given due consideration and implemented, it will<br>go a long way to enable our farmers to cope with climate change to<br>enhance farm produce<br></p>

Project Overview

<p>The theme of this research is based on the perception of farmers of<br>the effect of climate change on farm produce. It has been logically<br>argued that climate change may positively and negatively affect the<br>growth of crop in agricultural system.<br><br>In some broken down analysis, climate is a sole determinant for the<br>success of farm produce and its harvest as well. Emphasis are hereby<br>made below under some given headings.<br><br>1.1BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY<br><br>According to Kolbert., (2006) climate encompasses the temperatures,<br>humidity, atmospheric pressure, winds, rainfall, atmospheric particle<br>count and numerous other meteorological elements in a given region over<br>long periods of time, as opposed to the term weather, which refers to<br>current activity of these same elements.<br><br>The climate of a location is affected by its latitude, terrain,<br>altitude, persistent ice or snow cover, as well as nearby oceans and<br>their currents.<br><br>Climates can be classified using parameters such temperature and rainfall to define specific climate types. (Seiz, 2007) &nbsp; <br><br>According to Haeberli, (2008) from Montana State University, climate<br>change is any long term significant change in the expected patterns of<br>average weather of a specific region (or, more relevantly to<br>contemporary socio-political concerns, of the earth as a whole) over an<br>appropriately significant period of time.<br><br>&lt; <br><br>Susanne, and Veizer (2008) revealed that climate change reflects<br>abnormal variations to the expected climate within the earth’s<br>atmosphere and subsequent effects on other parts of the earth, such as<br>in the ice caps over durations ranging from decades to million of<br>years.<br><br>Reports revealed by the inter-governmental panel on climate change<br>(IPCC 2007) stated that climate change in the research of a great many<br>factors including the dynamic processes of the earth itself, external<br>forces including variation in sunlight intensity, and more recently by<br>human activities, which might in future be deliberate geo-engineering.<br>External factors that can shape climate are often called climate forcing<br>and include such processes as variations in solar radiation, deviations<br>in the Earths orbit and the level of greenhouse gas concentrations.<br><br>There have been so many variations on carbondioxide(Co2) during the<br>last 50 million years. The increased carbondioxide level are thought to<br>exacerbate the heating effects of the greenhouse effect by reading the<br>re-radiation of heat from the sun and, therefore, increasing the<br>temperature contained in the atmosphere.<br><br>As the ability of the atmosphere to capture and recycle energy<br>emitted by the Earth’s surface is essential to a stable climate, this<br>heightened temperature may introduce a de-stabilizing influence and<br>potentially affect global weather patterns and eventually, long-term<br>climate change.<br><br>(Source: Buckley, and Wallace, 2008)<br><br>Framers efforts on yielding mass harvest and encouraging large<br>plantation may be seriously terminated and hampered from the perception<br>of climate change. Where alternative instruments are not introduced to<br>counteract the factors militating against favourable climate on farm<br>produce this may lay a set back on agricultural input and output by our<br>farmers.<br><br>It obvioused that climate change had contributed towards initiating<br>basic subsistence farming system order than the mechanized farming<br>product for large market of farm produce. <br><br>For example, a region where climate change had hampered the<br>possibility of regular actual rainfall variably, water system irrigation<br>can be applied to artificially supply wet contents on crop growth and<br>improving regular harvest.<br><br>Farmers in Nigeria today are faced with variable challenges on<br>climate change making the agricultural sector prone to difficulties in<br>enhancing crop production as a result of weak alternative facilities,<br>equipments and scientific instruments to improve the range of farming.<br><br>Dr Daniel (2008) from the University of Maiduguri revealed findings<br>that climate change plays a significant role in agriculture by setting<br>up limits for crop production. The main climatic elements in agriculture<br>are temperature, moisture, sunlight, wind and evaporation. Most<br>crops &nbsp; are sensitive to episodes of high temperature. High<br>temperatures between 45oc and 55oc that occur for at least 30 minutes<br>directly, damage crop leaves in most environments, and lower<br>temperatures between 35-40oc can be damaging if they persist longer. &nbsp; <br><br>Awosika, and Ajayi, (2002) opined that vulnerability of crops<br>to damage by high temperatures varies with developmental stage thus,<br>high temperatures during reproductive development are particularly<br>injurious. For example, to maize at tussling, to soybean at flowering<br>and to wheat at grain filling.`<br><br>Soybean in one of crops that seems to have the ability to recover from heat stress, perhaps, because it is in determinate.<br><br>Whereas as stated by Adefolau (2000) food crops like yam, cocoyam,<br>potatoes, cassava can get damage (burnt) due to excessive heat<br>temperature.<br><br>Precipitation, being the primary source of soil moisture is probably<br>the most important factor determining the productivity of corps. While<br>global climate models predict an overall increase in mean global<br>precipitation, their results also show the potential for<br>changed hydrological regimes in most places.<br><br>Ojo (2000) a change in climate can cause changes in total<br>precipitation, within season pattern, and between season variability for<br>crop productivity, a change in the pattern of precipitation events may<br>be even more important than a change in the annual precipitation. The<br>water regime of crops is also vulnerable to a potential rise in the<br>daily rate and alerted seasonal pattern of precipitation events may be<br>even more important than a change in the annual precipitation. The water<br>regime of crops is also vulnerable to a potential rise in the daily<br>rate and altered seasonal pattern of evapotranspiration, brought on by<br>warm temperature, drier air, or windier conditions. Drought conditions<br>may be brought about by lower amounts of precipitation falling.<br><br>Oni (2001) opines that farm produce and yield quantity are likely to<br>suffer if dry periods occur during critical developmental stages. In<br>most grain crops, flowering, pollination and grain filling are<br>especially sensitive to water stress, heat stress and drought stresses<br>often occur simultaneously one contributing to the other. High solar<br>radiance and high winds often accompany these conditions. When crops are<br>subjected to drought stress, their stomata close, such closure reduces<br>transportation and consequently, raises plant temperatures. Excessively<br>wet years, on the other hand, may cause farm produce declines due to<br>water logging and increased pest infestation (Dr. Daniel, 2008).<br><br>Intense burst of rainfall may damage younger plants and promote water<br>logging of standing crops with repining grain, as well as soil erosion.<br>The extent of crop damage depends on the duration of precipitation and<br>flooding, crop developmental stage, air and soil temperatures. <br><br>1.2STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM &nbsp; <br><br>The research tends to examine the perception of farmers of the effect of climate change on farm produce.<br><br>Climate change may serve as a factor that can hinder crop yield and<br>as such bring to an end the agricultural activities of farmers.<br><br>It is a problem that if farmers have no means to face and tackle the<br>global climate models affecting yield processes farm produce can<br>maximally decline due to acute change in climate. But it is believed<br>that this can be controlled through some adaptation options as proposed<br>and laid down by Dr. Adejuwon (2004) from Obafemi Awolowo University<br>(OAU). It has been revealed in his findings and discussions and likewise<br>other related scholars.<br><br>Climate change will be a bone of contention on farmers posing<br>barriers to actual farm produce until proper adjustment and technical<br>adaptation models are absorbed and utilized by our farmers.<br><br>1.3PURPOSE OF THE STUDY &nbsp; <br><br>The objectives of the research are stated below as follows.<br><br>i. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; To examine the various climate change and how they affect farm produce in Nigeria.<br><br>ii. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; To appraise possible adaptation options that can be utilized by farmers for responding to climate change.<br><br>iii. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; To create an awareness on climate change and how it can<br>be controlled on farm produce by farmers to assess the factors<br>militating climate change and the problems faced by farmers.<br><br>iv. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; To assess the factors militating climate change and the problems faced by farmers on farm produce.<br><br>1.4RESEARCH QUESTIONS <br><br>The following research questions had been formulated for the research as follows:<br><br>i. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Does climate change affect farm produce in Nigeria?<br><br>ii. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Can farmers respond to climate change through possible adaptation options on farm produce?<br><br>iii. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Can climate change be controlled in farm produce by farmers through a critical awareness?<br><br>iv. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; What are the factors militating climate change and the problems faced by farmers on farm produce?<br><br>1.5RESEARCH HYPOTHESES<br><br>The null hypotheses were formulated for the research as follows:<br><br>Ho: Climate change has no significant effect on farm produce in agricultural system in Nigeria.<br><br>Ho: There is no significant responses to farmers to climate change through possible adaptation models.<br><br>Ho: There is no significant relationship between the<br>factors responsible for climate change and problems encountered by<br>farmers on farm produce.<br><br>1.6SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY<br><br>The study reversals the factors responsible for climate change and the effects they have on farm produce.<br><br>The research relates the basic problems encountered by farmers on farm produce through climate change.<br><br>The research reveals alternative models as adaptation options that<br>can be utilized and experimented by farmers in counteracting climate<br>change on farm produce. The study shows the interrelationship of climate<br>change and the problems of farmers on agricultural produce.<br><br>The study will reveal how climate change affect the various crops in<br>farming system and the means that can be adopted to prevent any further<br>damage on such crops.<br><br>The study will relate variably that climate change can pose storage<br>on farm produce thereby affecting the marketing system of agricultural<br>out put and lead to high cost per unit of produce.<br><br>Farmers, agricultural scientists, food technologists, scientists and<br>teachers will device possible solution from this study as a reference<br>materials in tackling and counteracting climate change on farm produce.<br><br>The research serves as a resource knowledge to government in taking<br>necessary steps towards responding to climate change and maintain<br>technology standard in agricultural sector in Nigeria.<br><br>1.7SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY <br><br>The study is limited to Lagos State Agricultural Supply Input<br>Authority of Ojo Local District Area of Lagos State. A selection of<br>sixty (60) respondents will be made randomly by the researcher. These<br>respondents include male and female alike. They shall be used for<br>collecting respondence as data fro the study.<br><br>The researcher was confronted by major constraints to carry out this research and they include:<br><br>Financial problems, stress, energy wasted by the researcher. And the<br>long distance to be covered and also the pains in selecting and meeting<br>the respondence to gather useful information for the study. <br><br>1.8DEFINITION OF TERMS<br><br>Farmer: A person who grows field crops and or manages orchards or vineyards or raises livestock or poultry.<br><br>Agriculture: refers to the production of food and goods through farming and forestry and poultry keeping.<br><br>Farm: A field, for planting crops and harvesting them and also a place meant for raising livestock.<br><br>Forestry: the science or practice of planting and taking care of tress and forest.<br><br>Climate: The regular pattern of weather conditions of a particular place.<br><br>Weather: A set of all the phenomena occurring in a given atmosphere at a given time.<br><br>Get Complete Project Now »<br>Talk to us right now: (+234)906-451-7926 (Call/WhatsApp)<br><br>Share a Comment<br>Purchase Detail<br>Hello, we’re glad you stopped by, you can download the complete project materials to this project with Abstract, Chapters 1 – 5, References and Appendix (Questionaire, Charts, etc) for N5000 ($15) only,<br>Please call 08111770269 or +2348059541956 to place an order or use the whatsapp button below to chat us up.<br>Bank details are stated below.<br>Bank: UBA<br>Account No: 1021412898<br>Account Name: Starnet Innovations Limited<br><br><br><br></p>