Thesis Abstract

Abstract
This research project explores the significant role of newspapers in the political development of Nigeria, with a focus on The Guardian newspaper as a case study. Nigeria, as a complex and diverse country, has a long history of political evolution, marked by periods of military rule, democratic transitions, and struggles for good governance. The media, particularly newspapers, have played a crucial role in shaping public opinion, holding the government accountable, and fostering democratic ideals. The Guardian newspaper, known for its editorial independence and commitment to investigative journalism, has been at the forefront of political reportage in Nigeria. Through a qualitative analysis of the newspaper's coverage of key political events and issues, this research seeks to highlight the ways in which The Guardian has influenced political discourse and decision-making in the country. By examining the editorial stance, coverage of elections, analysis of government policies, and investigative reports published by The Guardian, this research aims to shed light on the newspaper's contribution to the political development of Nigeria. The findings are expected to reveal how The Guardian has served as a watchdog, providing critical analysis and exposing corruption and malfeasance in government. Furthermore, this research project will delve into the challenges faced by newspapers in Nigeria, including political interference, financial constraints, and security threats. Despite these challenges, The Guardian has remained steadfast in its commitment to upholding journalistic integrity and promoting democratic values. Through interviews with journalists, editors, and readers of The Guardian, this research will also explore the perceptions and impact of the newspaper on political awareness and citizen engagement. By understanding the role of The Guardian in the political development of Nigeria, this research aims to provide insights into the broader relationship between media and democracy in the country. Overall, this research project seeks to contribute to the existing literature on the role of newspapers in political development, with a specific focus on The Guardian newspaper in Nigeria. By highlighting the newspaper's impact on political discourse and governance, this research aims to underscore the importance of a free and independent press in fostering democracy and accountability in Nigeria.

Thesis Overview

1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
The important role media plays in fostering an environment of good governance and political awareness needs hardly be emphasized. As the watchdog and interpreter of public issues and events, the media has a special role in every society. In our information-based society the media has a disproportionately visible and influential role.
Democracy cannot exist in the absence of the press. This is because democracy is based on popular will and popular opinion depends on the public’s awareness and knowledge. It is the mass media that brings up, promotes and propagates public awareness. The main responsibility of the press is to provide comprehensive, analytical and factual news and opinion to the people on everyday issues and events of popular concern. To fulfill its duty and responsibility, the press must work according to the fundamental principles of professional ethics, as well as norms and values of journalism.
Democracy can neither be sustainable nor strong without a free press. On the other hand, press freedom will not be possible without democracy. Therefore, the mass media and journalists must be committed to democracy. For this, the press must be perpetually involved in the establishment and promotion of a democratic culture. The press must remain ever vigilant to protect and enforce people’s freedom of thought and expression and citizens’ right to all information relating to the various aspects of their life and future. The fact that access to information is a citizen’s right must be taken to heart, and information must be presented in a simple and palatable manner. Right to information is inherent in democratic functioning and a pre-condition for good governance and the realization of all other human rights, including education and health care. The main objectives should be the promotion of transparency and accountability in governance so as to minimize corruption and
inefficiency in public office and to ensure the public’s participation in governance and decision making.
Media must be credible and trustworthy. Trust is the most valuable asset for any media. Once lost, it cannot be earned back. It is for this reason that all media must uphold their principles to provide accurate and factual news and other programmes.
Press must understand the difference between politics in general and party politics. Media should not be a vehicle, or used as an advocate for any political party or ideology. Public and political issues should be clearly understood, analyzed and presented in an impartial manner. During elections / political campaigns, equal time slots or opportunity must be allocated to each of the legitimate political parties and candidates. In the course of elections, messages that encourage goodwill and harmony among all the ethnic groups, religions, genders, cultures, languages, regions and communities should be broadcast.
Media plays the role of watch-dog in reporting corruption, complacency and negligence. In a changing, competitive landscape, compliance to good governance has never been taken so seriously, as people demand more transparency from both the government and private sectors. Responsible practices from government, universal principles on human rights and the fight against corruption have assumed great importance.