Thesis Abstract

Abstract
This research delves into the profound philosophical and theological concept of the binding force of conscience in the thought of St. Thomas Aquinas. St. Thomas Aquinas, a renowned medieval theologian and philosopher, dedicated his life to reconciling faith and reason. One of the central aspects of his ethical framework is the role of conscience in guiding human actions. According to Aquinas, conscience is the faculty within each person that enables them to discern between right and wrong based on their knowledge of moral principles. Aquinas posited that conscience is not a subjective feeling or mere personal opinion but an objective judgment grounded in natural law and divine law. Conscience, for Aquinas, is the application of practical reason to moral decision-making, leading individuals to act in accordance with their understanding of the moral law. This binding force of conscience emanates from the innate human inclination towards the good and the rational capacity to discern the moral order. Furthermore, Aquinas distinguished between the true conscience, which aligns with objective moral norms, and the erroneous conscience, which misjudges moral principles due to lack of knowledge or erroneous beliefs. While Aquinas emphasized the primacy of following one's true conscience as a moral imperative, he also acknowledged the necessity of forming conscience correctly through education, reflection, and moral guidance. The binding force of conscience, according to Aquinas, derives its authority from God, who is the ultimate source of the moral law. Conscience, as the proximate rule of human actions, obliges individuals to act in accordance with their moral convictions. Aquinas asserted that acting against one's conscience, even if mistakenly formed, would be tantamount to violating one's moral integrity and disobeying God's will. Moreover, Aquinas integrated the concept of synderesis, or the innate habit of the practical intellect to grasp first principles of the moral law, into his understanding of conscience. Synderesis serves as the foundation upon which conscience operates, guiding individuals towards the universal principles of morality inscribed in human nature. In conclusion, St. Thomas Aquinas's elucidation of the binding force of conscience offers profound insights into the moral psychology of human beings and the ethical dimension of decision-making. Understanding and heeding the dictates of conscience, as interpreted through the lens of natural law and divine law, is central to Aquinas's ethical framework and the pursuit of moral perfection.

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