Thesis Abstract

Abstract
Honey has been recognized for its potential antibacterial properties for centuries. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of different types of honey on three common wound pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Wound isolates of these bacteria were obtained and subjected to susceptibility testing against various types of honey. The results showed that all types of honey tested exhibited antibacterial activity against the three pathogens, with varying degrees of effectiveness. Manuka honey, known for its potent antibacterial properties, showed the highest activity against all three bacteria. The mechanism of action of honey's antibacterial properties was also explored, revealing that honey creates an unfavorable environment for bacterial growth through its low water activity, acidic pH, and the release of hydrogen peroxide and other bioactive compounds. Overall, this study highlights the potential of honey as a natural antibacterial agent for the treatment of wound infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus pyogenes.

Thesis Overview

1.0 INTRODUCTIONInfections and other health related problems have been of great concern to human beings and chemotherapy is the main approach in the treatment of such conditions. Investigation into the microbial flora of wound began in the late 19th century and since then; improvements in techniques have facilitated the recovery, identification and enumeration of a wide variety of microbial species. Most wounds support relatively stable polymicrobial communities (Bowkler, et.al; 2001) often without signs of clinical infection (Hansson,et al; 1993).However, potential pathogens may be present and the delicate balance between colonized wound and an infected wound depends on the interplay of complex host and microbial influences (Emmerson, 1998). The development of wound infection has deleterious effect onpatients by causing increased pain, discomfort, inconveniences and can lead to life threatening conditions or even death.Major challenges encountered with antibiotics in clinical use are resistance to antibiotics which leads eventually to failure of the treatment (Blair 2004). Infectious diseases are known to be treated with herbal remedies throughout the history of mankind; even today, natural substances continue to play a major role in primary health care as therapeutic remedies in many developing countries (Jonathan, et.al; 2007). Over the years, there have been reports of the production of more potent antibiotics e.g. third and fourth generation of cephalosporin by pharmaceutical companies which are not readily available and expensive. Problems of various antibiotics include low efficacy, side effect which has lead investigations into natural and potent antibacterial seeming to be the right step to take. The invasion of pathogenic organism is on the rise as a result, effects are been made to develop antibacterial agent from natural sources for bettertherapeutic effect (Gills, 1992). The therapies have drawn the interest of both public and medicinal communities. Current research has been focused on herbal and aromatherapy product. However, a number of their product such as honey has shown therapeutic promise.The presence in honey of various inhibins as described by (Doid and Dzaio, 1937) has been reported by several investigators. Honey was used to treat infected wound as long as 2000 years ago before bacterial were discovered to be the cause of infection in c.50 AD, Dioscorides described honey as been -good for all rotten and hollow ulcers” (Gunther, 1959). More recently, honey has been reported to have an inhibitory effect to around 60 species of bacterial including aerobes and anaerobes, Gram positive and Gram negative (Molan, 1992). The current prevalence of the therapeutic use of ancient remedies, include honey committee on science and technology.1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES1. To determine antibacterial potential of honey.2. To investigate the mechanism of antibacterial action of honey.3. To determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of honey on bacterial isolates from wounds of human beings.4. To yield additional knowledge such as the possible dilution of honey sample and activity of the honey sample in bacterial infection.