Thesis Abstract

Abstract
Urethritis is a common condition characterized by inflammation of the urethra, often resulting in painful urination and discharge. The most common etiologic agents of urethritis include Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. However, there are various other pathogens that can also cause urethritis, making the identification of the major aetiologic agent crucial for appropriate treatment and management. This research project aimed to determine the major aetiologic agent of urethritis through a comprehensive analysis of clinical samples collected from patients presenting with symptoms of urethritis. A total of 200 patients with suspected urethritis were enrolled in the study, and urethral swabs were collected for laboratory analysis. The samples were then processed using various diagnostic techniques, including culture, nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), and microscopy. The results of the study revealed that among the 200 patients included in the analysis, 60% tested positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, while 30% tested positive for Chlamydia trachomatis. In addition to these two pathogens, a small percentage of patients tested positive for other bacteria, including Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis. These findings highlight the importance of conducting comprehensive testing for multiple pathogens to accurately identify the aetiologic agent of urethritis. Further analysis of the data indicated that patients infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae were more likely to present with severe symptoms, including purulent discharge and dysuria, compared to those infected with Chlamydia trachomatis. This suggests that the clinical presentation of urethritis may vary depending on the causative agent, emphasizing the need for targeted treatment strategies based on the specific pathogen identified. In conclusion, this study identified Neisseria gonorrhoeae as the major aetiologic agent of urethritis in the study population, followed by Chlamydia trachomatis. These findings have important implications for the diagnosis and management of urethritis, highlighting the need for comprehensive testing to accurately identify the causative agent and provide appropriate treatment. Future research should focus on exploring the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among these pathogens and evaluating novel treatment strategies to combat urethritis effectively.

Thesis Overview

1.0   INTRODUCTION

Chlamydiae are small gram-negative obligate intracellular microorganisms that preferentially infect squamocolumnar epithelial cell (www. Google. Com.2010).

        Chlamydia is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease resulting in urethritis, with frequencies exceeding those of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

        In the United State for instance, roughly four million cases are reported annually mostly occurring in men and women under the age of 25 (Barners, 1990).

        In Nigeria and indeed most developed nation, majority of the reported cases urethritis are diagnosed as being caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, StaphyLococcus aureus and streptococcus Spp.

This could be attributed to inadequate facilities to establish proper test for the diagnosis of chamydia infection.