Assessment of newcastle disease virus antibodies among birds reared
Table Of Contents
Chapter ONE
1.1 Introduction1.2 Background of Study
1.3 Problem Statement
1.4 Objective of Study
1.5 Limitation of Study
1.6 Scope of Study
1.7 Significance of Study
1.8 Structure of the Research
1.9 Definition of Terms
Chapter TWO
2.1 Overview of Newcastle Disease Virus2.2 History of Newcastle Disease in Birds
2.3 Symptoms and Transmission of Newcastle Disease
2.4 Diagnosis of Newcastle Disease
2.5 Prevention and Control Measures
2.6 Impact of Newcastle Disease on Bird Population
2.7 Research on Newcastle Disease Antibodies
2.8 Global Distribution of Newcastle Disease
2.9 Economic Impact of Newcastle Disease
2.10 Current Trends in Newcastle Disease Research
Chapter THREE
3.1 Research Design and Methodology3.2 Selection of Study Participants
3.3 Data Collection Methods
3.4 Sampling Techniques
3.5 Data Analysis Procedures
3.6 Ethical Considerations
3.7 Reliability and Validity
3.8 Limitations of the Research Methodology
Chapter FOUR
4.1 Presentation of Research Findings4.2 Analysis of Antibody Levels in Different Bird Species
4.3 Comparison of Antibody Levels by Age Groups
4.4 Correlation Between Antibody Levels and Disease Resistance
4.5 Factors Influencing Antibody Production
4.6 Discussion on the Implications of Findings
4.7 Comparison with Previous Studies
4.8 Recommendations for Future Research
Chapter FIVE
5.1 Summary of Findings5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Contributions to the Field
5.4 Practical Implications
5.5 Suggestions for Policy Changes
5.6 Recommendations for Further Studies
5.7 Reflection on the Research Process
5.8 Final Remarks and Acknowledgments
Thesis Abstract
Thesis Overview
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important avian viral diseases because of its high economic impact on the poultry industry. Newcastle disease was discovered in Newcastle upon Tyne. Newcastle upon Tyne is a city and a metropolitan borough of Tyne and wear, in northeast England in 1926 (Doyle, 1927), but at this time slightly different strains were found in other parts of the world. The disease was initially reported in 1925 in Southeast Asia (Alexander, 1997) since then it has become an economically important disease of poultry all over the world.
Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and is home to about 175 million domestic poultry. Poultry production in Nigeria can be classified into extensive and intensive systems. The extensive system accounts for the vast majority of poultry, more than 143 million which are free ranging birds in the rural areas (Sainbury, 2000). In Nigeria it is estimated that poultry supplies about 10% of the total meat needs and out of about 150 million poultry birds, 102 million are indigenous (Majiyade and Lamorde, 1997). The indigenous village chicken is identified as a way of providing rural women with diverse income earnings and employment (Alexander, 2001).
However, the endemic Newcastle and associated mortalities constitute a major obstacle to the promotion of large holdings of these birds (Majiyade and Lamorde, 1997).
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