Title Page - - - - - - - - - - i 

Declaration - - - - - - - - - - ii 

Certification - - - - - - - - - - iii 

Dedication - - - - - - - - - - iv 

Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - - v 

Table of Contents - - - - - - - - - vi 

Table of Statutes - - - - - - - - - ix 

Table of Abbreviations - - - - - - - - x 

Abstract - - - - - - - - - - xi 

Chapter ONE

1.1 Background to the Study - - - - - - - 1 

1.2 Statement of the Problem - - - - - - - 8 

1.3 Justification - - - - - - - - - 9 

1.4 Aims and Objectives of the Study - - - - - - 9 

1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Research - - - - - 10 

1.6 Research Methodology - - - - - - - 10 

1.7 Literature Review - - - - - - - - 10 

1.8 Organisational Layout - - - - - - - 12 

Chapter TWO

2.1 Negotiations - - - - - - - - - 13 

2.2 Commitments - - - - - - - - - 14 

2.3 The Three Flexible Mechanism under Kyoto Protocol - - - 15 

2.4 The Joint Implementation - - - - - - - 15 

2.5 Clean Development Mechanism - - - - - - 16 

2.6 Emission Trading - - - - - - - - 17 

2.7 The Potential Legal Challenges and Uncertainty under Kyoto Protocol - 17 

2.8 The Essence of the Kyoto Protocol - - - - - - 19 

Chapter THREE

3.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - - 21 

3.2 Evidence of Climate Change in Nigeria - - - - - 22 

3.3 Environmental Implications - - - - - - - 23 

3.4 Threat to the Coastal Region - - - - - - - 24 

3.5 Heightening of Drought and Desertification - - - - - 25 

3.6 Threat to Water Resources - - - - - - - 26 

3.7 Threat to Food Security and Livelihoods - - - - - 26 

3.8 Threat to Energy, Industry and Transport Sectors - - - - 27 

3.8 The Challenges of CDM Implementation and Development in Nigeria - 29 

3.9 Complexity of Emission Trading Mechanism - - - - 34 

3.10 Kyoto Protocol and its Economic Impacts - - - - - 37 

Chapter FOUR

4.1 The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) - 41 

4.2 The Kyoto Protocol - - - - - - - - 43 

4.3 Bali Action Plan - - - - - - - - 46 

4.4 Ponzan Conference 2008 - - - - - - - 48 

4.5 The Copenhagen Conference 2009 - - - - - - 50 

4.6 Nigeria‟s Commitments on Climate Change Agreements - - - 57 

4.7 Challenges and Constraint of Adaptation and Mitigation of Climate Change Adaptation and Means of implementation - - - - - 61 

4.8 The Role of Law in Implementing an Effective Regulatory Scheme - 65 

Chapter FIVE

5.2 Recommendations - - - - - - - - 71 

5.3 Conclusion - - - - - - - - - 74 

Bibliography - - - - - - - - - 76