Page Cover Page——————————————————————————– i Title Page ———————————————————————————- ii Declaration ——————————————————————————– iii Certification ——————————————————————————- iv Dedication ——————————————————————————— v Acknowledgement ———————————————————————– vi Table of Statutes ————————————————————————- viii Table of Abbreviations —————————————————————— x Table of Cases —————————————————————————- xii Abstract ———————————————————————————— xiii Table of Content ————————————————————————- xiv

Chapter ONE

General Introduction 1.1 Background to the Research —————————————————– 1 1.2 Statement of Research Problem ————————————————- 5 1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Research ——————————————– 6 1.4 Justification for the Research —————————————————– 7 1.5 Scope of the Research ————————————————————- 7 1.6 Research Methodology ———————————————————— 8 1.7 Literature Review ——————————————————————-8 1.8 Organizational Structure of the Research ————————————– 15

Chapter TWO

The Development of Legal Policy and Institutional Framework ForAir Transport Industry in Nigeria 2.1 Introduction ————————————————————————- 17 2.2 History of the Aviation Industry in Nigeria ———————————— 17 2.3 Legal Regulation of Air Transport Industry in Nigeria ———————– 28 2.3.1 International Regulation ———————————————————– 28 2.3.2 National Regulation —————————————————————– 31 2.4 Aviation Regulatory Agencies in Nigeria —————————————- 41 2.4.1 International Regulating Bodies ————————————————– 41 2.4.2 National Regulating Bodies ——————————————————– 43

Chapter THREE

The Evolution and Nature of Bilateral Air Service Agreements 3.1 Introduction ————————————————————————— 53 3.2 Overview of Bilateral Air Service Agreements ———————————– 54 3.3 Historical Evolution of Bilateral Air Service Agreements ———————- 59 3.4 Structure of Bilateral Air Service Agreements ———————————— 72 3.5 Types of Bilateral Air Service Agreements —————————————- 73 3.6 The Making and Implementation of Bilateral Air Service Agreements in Nigeria —————————————————————-79 3.6.1 Constitutional Background ———————————————————-79 3.6.2 The Process of Making Bilateral Air Service Agreements ———————- 83 3.6.3 Conclusion of Bilateral Air Service Agreements ———————————-87 3.6.4 Enforcement of Bilateral Air Service Agreements ——————————-88

Chapter FOUR

Bilateral Air Service Agreements between Nigeria and Some Selected Countries: Ghana, United Kingdom and Israel 4.1 Introduction —————————————————————————- 91 4.2 Analysis of Major Clauses in the Bilateral Air Service Agreements Between Nigeria and Ghana, United Kingdom, and Israel ——————- 92 4.2.1 Preamble Clause ———————————————————————– 92 4.2.2 Definition/Interpretation Clause —————————————————92 4.2.3 Grant of RightsClause ————————————————————– 93 4.2.4 Designation and Operating Authorization Clause —————————— 97 4.2.5 Revocation and Suspension of Rights Clause ———————————- 100 4.2.6 Certificate of Airworthiness and License Clause ——————————- 105 4.2.7 Security Clause ———————————————————————– 106 4.2.8 Safety Clause ————————————————————————– 108 4.2.9 Commercial Opportunities Clause ———————————————— 110 4.2.10 Operating PrinciplesClause ——————————————————- 111 4.2.11 Custom Duties Clause ————————————————————– 112 4.2.12 User Charges Clause —————————————————————- 113 4.2.13 Non-Discrimination Clause ——————————————————- 114 4.2.14 Capacity/Frequency Clause ——————————————————– 115 4.2.15 Tariff/Pricing Clause ————————————————————– 125 4.2.16 Dispute Resolution Clause ——————————————————- 128 4.2.17 Consultation Clause ————————————————————— 132 4.2.18 Amendments Clause ————————————————————– 133 4.2.19 Entry into Force Clause ———————————————————- 135 4.2.20 Termination Clause —————————————————————- 136 4.2.21Code Sharing Clause ————————————————————– 138 4.2.22 Other Clauses ———————————————————————- 141 4.3 Problems/Challenges Faced and Future Prospects —————————- 142

Chapter FIVE

Summary, Findings, Recommendations and Conclusion 5.1 Introduction ———————————————————————– 147 5.2 Summary ————————————————————————— 149 5.3 Findings —————————————————————————- 152 5.4 Recommendations —————————————————————- 157 5.5 Conclusion ————————————————————————- 159 Bibliography—————————————————————————– 161