Thesis Abstract

Thesis Overview

<p> </p><p><strong>1.0 &nbsp; &nbsp; INTRODUCTION</strong></p><p>Distillation is a separating technique in which two liquids are separated at essentially the same temperature and pressure. &nbsp;It is also the term used to describe the operation where the vaporization of a liquid mixture yields a vapor phase containing more than one constituents and it is desired to recover one or more of this constituents in a nearly pure state.</p><p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; It would probably be beneficial to define the terms that describe the process and related properties. &nbsp;Let us begin by describing the process by which a substance transformed from the condensed phase to the gas phase. &nbsp;For liquid, this process is called VAPORIZATION and for a solid it is called SUBMIATIN, both processes requires heat. &nbsp;All substances regardless whether they are liquids or solids are characterized by a vapor pressure. &nbsp;The vapor pressure of a pure substance is the pressure exerted by the substance against the external pressure which is usually atmospheric pressure. &nbsp;Vapor pressure is a measure of the tendency to escape. &nbsp;When the vapor pressure of a liquid substance reaches the external pressure the substance is observed to Boil. &nbsp;If the external pressure is atmospheric pressure, the temperature at which a pure substance boils is called the NORMAL BOILING POINT.</p> <br><p></p>