Thesis Abstract

Abstract
Nigeria, as the most populous country in Africa and a major player in the region, has played a crucial role in the integration of West African states both historically and in the realm of international relations. This research project delves into the multifaceted dimensions of Nigeria's involvement in the integration processes within the West African region, examining both the historical foundations and contemporary dynamics. Historically, Nigeria's role in the integration of West African states can be traced back to its pre-independence era when it served as a hub for Pan-African movements and initiatives aimed at fostering unity among African nations. Post-independence, Nigeria continued to champion the cause of regional integration through its active participation in organizations such as the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the African Union (AU). Nigeria's historical contributions to the integration of West African states have been characterized by its leadership in peacekeeping efforts, economic cooperation, and the promotion of democratic governance across the region. In the realm of international relations, Nigeria's strategic importance as a regional power has enabled it to exert influence on the global stage, particularly in shaping policies that impact West African states. Nigeria's diplomatic engagements with major world powers and international organizations have further solidified its position as a key player in advancing the interests of West African countries on issues such as trade, security, and development. Through its active participation in regional and international forums, Nigeria has been able to advocate for the integration of West African states by promoting intra-regional trade, fostering peace and security, and enhancing cooperation in various sectors. Moreover, Nigeria's economic significance within the region, as evidenced by its large market size and natural resource endowments, has positioned it as a key driver of regional integration efforts. By leveraging its economic strength, Nigeria has been able to support the development of infrastructure, trade facilitation, and industrialization initiatives that benefit not only its own economy but also those of its West African neighbors. Additionally, Nigeria's cultural influence, particularly through its music, film, and fashion industries, has contributed to the promotion of a shared West African identity that transcends national boundaries and fosters a sense of unity among the region's diverse populations. In conclusion, Nigeria's role in the integration of West African states is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that encompasses historical legacies, diplomatic engagements, economic imperatives, and cultural connections. As West Africa continues to navigate the challenges of globalization and regional cooperation, Nigeria's leadership and commitment to fostering unity and solidarity among its neighbors will remain pivotal in shaping the future trajectory of the region.

Thesis Overview

INTRODUCTION

1.1       BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

One motive that influenced the creation of almost all the West African International Governmental Organizations (IGOs) is the unity which has its origin in the Pan-African movements (UNECA 1983). According to Essien (2006) efforts at regional and sub-regional integration in Africa go back to the immediate post-colonial period. It was seen as an extension of the liberation movements and an effort to construct geographic entities that were economically viable and politically united. It also reflected the prevailing European experience with its emphasis on free trade within a Common External Tariff area. Thus, Anadi (2012) observed that, “by the 1960’s when most of the West African states gained their independence, the realities of the enormous distortions inherent in the colonial economy came to the fore.

            First, they were utterly left with highly fragile and structurally truncated economies based on the export of one or two agricultural commodities with inherent price distortions in the international commodity market. Also, the fact that none of these states’ national currencies were convertible further worsened the already destabilizing balance of payments problems in both their trade within the region and in their trade with other regions of the world” (Anadi 2005). The founding fathers of ECOWAS were quite aware of the huge challenges that confronted them at independence, following the years of unbridled exploitation and utter neglect of the basic needs of the citizens by the colonial masters; Britain, France and Portugal. Consequently, successful nation building has remained the biggest challenge for them because their economies are small, weak and highly competitive.

Accordingly, they were unable to exploit the complementarities of big and strong economies and are equally incapable of competing effectively within the global economy. These realities made regional integration an attractive option for West Africa. Undeniably, also, globalisation processes have brought home forcefully to the region the reality that it is impossible for any country, including the most economically and politically powerful, to go it alone. Now, more than ever before, all countries need one another to survive in a world where states are intricately weaved together economically, politically and technologically, with significant externalities for those that are unable to catch the globalisation train  (Sesay and Omotosho 2011). They also argue that contemporary integration schemes, particularly those in Africa, are essentially a post-World War II phenomenon.