Geo Electrical Assessment of Groundwater Potentials of Some Parts of Orsu and Environs, South Eastern Nigeria
Table Of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Declaration ii
Certification iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
Abstract vi
Table of Contents vii
List of Figures x
List of Plates xi
List of Tables xii
Chapter ONE
: INTRODUCTION1.1 Background Information 1
1.2 Aim and Objectives 2
1.2.1 Aim 2
1.2.2 Objectives 2
1.3 Location and Accessibility 2
1.4 Justification of Study 5
1.5 Climate and Vegetation 5
1.6 Geological settings of the study area 6
1.6.1 Regional Geology 6
1.6.2 Local Geology of the study area 6
1.6.2.1 Benin formation 6
1.6.2.2 Ameki formation 7
1.7 Groundwater 9
1.8 Porosity and Permeability 10
1.8.1 Porosity 10
1.8.2 Permeability 11
1.9 Aquifer and Aquiclude 12
1.10 Scope and Limitations of the study 13
1.11 Relief 14
Chapter TWO
: LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Previous works 15
2.2 Review of Geoelectric techniques 16
Chapter THREE
: MATERIALS AND METHOD3.1 Desk study 18
3.2 Reconnaissance survey 18
3.3 Detailed study 18
3.4 Field equipment
Thesis Abstract
ABSTRACT
In a bid to determine the groundwater potential of some parts Orsu and environs, which lies within latitude N5º53.858΄ to N5º47.572΄ and longitude E7º0.847΄ to E6º56.988΄, a total of ten (10) vertical electrical soundings were carried out. The study area belongs to the Anambra basin which is one of Nigeria’s most important hydrological basins. It is overlain by the Miocene to recent Benin formation and Eocene Ameki formation.Equipment such as ABEM terrameter SAS 4000, 12volts battery, global positioning system (GPS), four electrodes, reel of cables, clip, hammer etc were used during the data acquisition process and were processed using FORTRAN 2D Resistivity inversionSoftware. Moreso, Surfer 14 program was used to provide the transmissivity, hydraulicconductivity, diffusivity, and storativity maps, as the imaging pictures of the subsurfacein the form of contour maps. Results from the processed data revealed that the study areaconsist of top soil, sand, clayey sand and clay. Out of a total of 10 Vertical electricalsoundings obtained from selected locations in the study area, All VES points indicated a5-layer curve except VES 3 and VES 5 which have shown a 7-layer lithology. VES 2 and6 has shown KH curve type (i.e. ρ1< ρ2> ρ3> ρ4< ρ5 characteristic), VES 4, VES 7 andVES 8 has also shown HA (i.e. ρ1> ρ2< ρ3< ρ4< ρ5 characteristic). VES 1, VES 9 and VES10 have shown KA, AK & HK curves respectively. However, from analyses made,greater part of the region is prolific (that is, high groundwater potential). The depth towater from VES 1 to VES 10 were estimated as 92.8m, 87.0m, 91.0m, 104.0m, 139.0m,139.93m, 214.0m, 137.0m, 67.0m, 37.0m respectively. Shallow aquifer systems wereencountered at areas such as Akwakuma Okporo, Okwuruokwuo Amannachi, UmualumIsiafor Ofeahia, Umuoka Asaa, and Amaruru , while deep aquifer systems were seen atareas such as Afor-Iduu Amaebu Ebenator, St. peters, Umuezeala Amaebu, Umuhu-Okabia, Umucheke Omuokabia Awo-Idemili, Uda Orsu-Ihiteukwa. Areas such asAmannachi, Ebenator, Amaebu and Isiafor ofeahia are highly prolific and have shownhigh level of transmissivity of about 3000 to 4000m2/day and high storativity rangingfrom 0.0004 to 0.00058. These areas have also shown high rate of diffusivity with valueranging from 5500000 to 8500000, except Amaebu which have shown very low level ofdiffusivity.Keywords Groundwater, Vertical Electrical Sounding, Transmissivity, HydraulicConductivity, Diffusivity, and Storativity
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