Thesis Abstract

<p> </p><div><p>This study was aimed at contributing to the efforts directed at managing Carbon(iv) oxide, CO2</p><p>emission by assessing the CO2 &nbsp; &nbsp;emissions and management strategies in the Nigerian</p><p>manufacturing industries using some selected industries at Agbara Industrial Estate, Ogun state.</p><p>The main objectives of the study are to determine the amount of CO2 emitted from the stationery</p><p>sources of the selected industries in the study area between the periods of June 2015 to May</p><p>2016, and to compare this amount with the inclusion threshold i.e. the maximum allowable</p><p>amount of CO2 emission of various emission management programmes around the world. The</p><p>study also checked for the performance of each of the industry as regards CO2 management best</p><p>practices. The industries were grouped into different industrial strata according to Manufacturers</p><p>Association of Nigeria industrial classification, after which one industry was picked per stratum.</p><p>Five industries namely; Industry N, Industry G, Industry Q, Industry D and Industry P were</p><p>randomly selected using dip in the basket method from a total of seventeen industries for the</p><p>study. The identity of the industries was concealed due to security reasons. The use of</p><p>documented emission factors in measuring CO2 emission was the adopted method in this work.</p><p>Twelve months’ fuel consumption records of each emission source from each selected industry</p><p>was collated and examined, this was then used to calculate the CO2 emission for each emission</p><p>source by multiplying the monthly volume/mass (as the case may be) of the fossil fuel</p><p>combusted with the appropriate emission factor. The performance of each of the industry as</p><p>regards CO2 management best practices was assessed using a GHG best management practice</p><p>checklist adapted from that of the World Wildlife Fund which was used for their Low Carbon</p><p>Manufacturing Programme. Results showed that Industry N emitted a total of 7714.65 tones of</p><p>CO2, Industry G emitted 45,055.45 tones of CO2, Industry Q emitted 8,200.94 tones of CO2,</p><p>Industry D emitted 53,195.54 tones of CO2 and Industry P emitted 49,247.78 tones of CO2</p><p>vii</p></div><p><br></p><p>during the studied period. These figures are larger than the inclusion threshold of many carbon</p><p>management programmes around the world. Statistical significance findings showed that natural</p><p>gas fuel and natural gas combusting stationery equipments are the major contributors of the CO2</p><p>emitted in the assessed industries. Also all the industries practice a poor CO2 emission</p><p>management. The study concluded that a significant amount of CO2 was emitted by the assessed</p><p>industries and these were majorly contributed by natural gas fuel combustion, the industries also</p><p>practice a very poor CO2 emission management. It is therefore recommended that industries</p><p>should focus their attention on natural gas and natural gas combusting sources for their emission</p><p>management &nbsp; &nbsp; activities, &nbsp; &nbsp; environmental &nbsp; &nbsp; regulators &nbsp; &nbsp; should &nbsp; &nbsp; develop &nbsp; &nbsp; an &nbsp; &nbsp; emission</p><p>standards/programme where a cap or a predetermined maximum allowable amount of CO2 is</p><p>allocated to industries and there is need for consideration of the other greenhouse gas emissions</p><p>in subsequent studies.</p> <br><p></p>

Thesis Overview

<p> </p><p><strong>1.1</strong>&nbsp;<strong>Background</strong>&nbsp;<strong>to</strong>&nbsp;<strong>the</strong>&nbsp;<strong>Study</strong></p><p>Warming of the climate system is an undisputable fact of the 21st century (Intergovernmental</p><p>Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, 2001). This average increase in global temperature is</p><p>unequivocal, as it is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean</p><p>temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level (IPCC,</p><p>2007). Each of the last three decades has been successively warmer at the Earth’s surface than</p><p>any preceding decades since 1850, and the period from 1983 to 2012 was likely the warmest 30-</p><p>year period of the last 1400 years in the Northern Hemisphere (IPCC, 2014). The globally</p><p>averaged combined land and ocean surface temperature data as calculated by a linear trend show</p><p>a warming of 0.85 (0.65 to 1.06) °C over the period 1880 to 2012 (IPCC, 2014).</p><p>This observed increase in global average temperatures and the associated climate change has</p><p>been attributed with a very high level of confidence and strong scientific consensus to the</p><p>increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) concentrations which is largely due to fossil</p><p>fuel combustion and to a smaller extent due to changes in land use and deforestation (United</p><p>Nations, 2013). These gases have been proven to be capable of absorbing infrared radiation as it</p><p>is reflected from the earth’s surface, therefore acting like a blanket, trapping heat, and keeping</p><p>the earth warm, a process known as the greenhouse effect (World Resource Institute, WRI,</p><p>2006).The Kyoto protocol identified six of these gases that affect the energy balance of the</p><p>global atmosphere and needs to be urgently addressed, they include, carbon dioxide (CO2) the</p><p>most prevalent, followed by methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2</p> <br><p></p>