1.1 Background and Rationale 1.2 Research Objectives 1.3 Scope and Significance 1.4 Research Questions 1.5 Methodology Overview 1.6 Organization of the Thesis

Chapter 2

2.1 Evolution of E-Scooter Sharing Systems and their Environmental Impacts 2.2 Key Components and Benefits of E-Scooter Programs for Sustainable Urban Mobility 2.3 Carbon Emissions, Air Quality, and Environmental Sustainability 2.4 Previous Studies on the Environmental Impact of E-Scooter Sharing in Urban Areas 2.5 Gaps in Existing Research 2.6 Conceptual Framework

Chapter 3

3.1 Case Selection and Study Design 3.1.1 Criteria for Selecting Cities with Established E-Scooter Sharing Programs 3.1.2 Comparative Analysis Framework 3.2 Data Collection 3.2.1 Measurement of Carbon Emissions and Air Quality Parameters 3.2.2 Surveys and Interviews with E-Scooter Users, Operators, and Urban Planners 3.3 Assessing the Environmental Impact of E-Scooter Sharing Systems in Urban Areas 3.4 Modeling Techniques for Predicting Carbon Emissions and Environmental Outcomes 3.5 Community Engagement and Stakeholder Perspectives 3.6 Policy Analysis and Regulatory Frameworks 3.7 Limitations and Assumptions

Chapter 4

4.1 Analysis of E-Scooter Sharing Systems' Environmental Impact 4.2 Evaluation of Carbon Emissions, Air Quality Changes, and Sustainability Outcomes 4.3 Comparative Analysis of Cities with Different Approaches to E-Scooter Programs 4.4 Stakeholder Perspectives on the Benefits and Challenges of E-Scooter Sharing 4.5 Opportunities and Risks Associated with Promoting Sustainable Urban Mobility through E-Scooters 4.6 Implications for Urban Planning and Transportation Policies

Chapter 5

5.1 Summary of Findings 5.2 Contributions to Existing Knowledge 5.3 Practical Implications for Enhancing Environmental Sustainability through E-Scooter Sharing 5.4 Recommendations for Future Research 5.5 Conclusion