Title Page……………………………………………………………………...................................................i 

Declaration………………………………………………………………………….…......................................ii

Certification……………………………………………………………………….…..........................................iii 

Dedication …………………………………………………………………………..…........................................iv 

Acknowledgements ………………………………………………………………..…..........................................v 

Table of contents…………………………………………..................................................................................vi 

List of Tables…………………………………………………………………………..............................................ix 

List of Figures………………………………………………………………………….............................................ix 

List of Appendix………………………………………………………………………..............................................ix

 Abstract……………………………………………………………………….……….................................................x 

Chapter ONE

……………………………………………………………………...................................................1 

INTRODUCTION………………………….………………………………………......................................................1 

1.1 Background of the study ……………………………………………….……….................................................1 

1.2 Problem Statement………………………………………………………...........................................................2 

1.3 Objectives of the study…………………………………………………….….................................................…4 

1.4 Justification of the Study…………………………………………………….….................................................5

Chapter TWO

……………………………………………………………….……..............................................…6 

LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………………………...…………....................................................6 

2.1 Socio-Economic characteristics of farmers………………..………………….................................................6 

2.2 Rural household income………..………………………………………….…...................................................8 

2.3 Rural livelihoods and their natures ………….……………………………….................................................10

2.4 The concept of livelihood ……………………………………….………….…................................................12 

2.4.1 Strategies of livelihood...…………………………………………………....................................................14 

2.4.2 Determinants of livelihood …………………………………………………….............................................15 

2.4.3 Sustainable livelihood .………………………………………………………................................................15 

2.5 Empirical study on livelihood diversification .………………………………..................................................16 

2.6 Empirical study on Logit Regression Model……………………………….................................................…19 

Chapter THREE

………………………………………………………………..............................................…..23 

METHODOLOGY...…………………………………………………………….................................................…….23 

3.1 Description of the Study Area ………………………………………………...................................................23 

3.2 Sampling Procedure and sample size .………………………………………................................................25 

3.3 Method of Data Collection ..……………………………………………….................................................….25 

3.4 Analytical techniques ………………………………………………………..................................................26 

3.5 Measurement of Dependent and independent variables………………………...........................................28 

Chapter FOUR

……………………………………………………………….....................................................31 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ….………………………………………………..................................................31 

4.1.1 Age distribution of the respondents…………………………………………..............................................31 

4.1.2 Household size of the respondents….………………………..……………...............................................32 

4.1.3 Educational level of the farmers .…….……….……………………………...............................................33 

4.1.4 Farming experience of the respondents ……………………………………...............................................33 

4.1.5 Distribution of respondents according to farm size .................................................................................34 

4.1.6 Credit obtain by the respondent……………………………………….............................................……....35 

4.1.7 Distribution of respondent based on membership of cooperative society…...........................................36 

4.1.8 Distribution of respondent according to their income……………………............................................…..37 

4.2 Livelihood Activities Engage in by Farmers …………………………….................................................……38

4.3 Socioeconomic factors influencing farming household livelihood diversification……………………...........39 

4.4 Impact of diversification on household output, income and level of living……………………………….....42 

4.4.1 Impact of diversification on household output……………………….…....................................................42 

4.4.2 Impact of diversification on household income…………………………................................................…43 

4.4.3 Impact of diversification on household level of living…………………................................................….44 

4.4.3.1 Hypotheses of the study………………………………………………............................................….….45 

4.5 Constraints mitigating the farming household …………………………..................................................…..47 

Chapter FIVE

………………………………………………………………..................................................…...50 

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, & RECOMMENDATIONS ……………………..................................................…50 

5.1 Summary ……………………………………………………….………......................................................…...50 

5.2 Conclusion ..………………………………………………….…………….......................................................51 

5.3 Contribution to knowledge ………………………………………….…….......................................................52 

5.4 Recommendations ……………………………………………………...................................................…….52 

REFERENCES …………………………………………………………………................................................….54