Thesis Abstract

Abstract
Cereals play a crucial role in the diet of Nigerians, providing essential nutrients and energy. However, the processing and preservation of cereals in Nigeria face various challenges that impact the quality, safety, and availability of these staples. This research aimed to assess the current status of processing and preservation of cereals in Nigeria by reviewing existing literature and conducting field surveys. The study found that traditional processing methods, such as grinding with stones and manual winnowing, are still widely practiced in rural areas, leading to low efficiency and quality losses. In contrast, modern processing techniques, including mechanical milling and sorting, are utilized in urban areas and large-scale processing facilities, resulting in higher quality products. However, the adoption of modern processing technologies is limited by factors such as high cost, inadequate infrastructure, and limited access to credit. In terms of preservation, traditional methods like sun drying and storage in mud silos are common among small-scale farmers and households. These methods are prone to contamination, pest infestation, and spoilage, reducing the shelf life of cereals. On the other hand, industrial preservation methods like vacuum packaging and chemical treatments are employed by commercial producers to extend the shelf life and maintain the quality of cereals. However, the use of chemical preservatives raises concerns about food safety and consumer health. The research also highlighted the role of government policies and regulations in shaping the processing and preservation practices in the cereal industry. While there are standards and guidelines in place to ensure food safety and quality, enforcement and compliance remain major challenges. Improving infrastructure, promoting research and development, and providing support to small-scale farmers and processors are crucial steps to enhance the processing and preservation of cereals in Nigeria. In conclusion, the status of processing and preservation of cereals in Nigeria is characterized by a mix of traditional and modern practices, influenced by factors such as technology, infrastructure, policy, and economics. Addressing the challenges faced by the cereal industry requires a multi-faceted approach that involves collaboration between government, industry, and research institutions to promote sustainable practices and ensure food security for the growing population.

Thesis Overview

INTRODUCTION

            Of all the plant on which man has depended for his food, cereal grains are by far the most important. Since recorded history, cereals grains are the seed by cultivated grasses that include wheat, corn, 0at, barley, rye, rice, sorghum and millet.

            There are a number of reasons why cereals have been important in man’s diet. They can be grown in areas with diverse climatic and soil conditions. They give yield peracre (0.4ha) as compared to most other crops and once harvested, their excellent storage stability combined with their high nutritive valuers make them most suitable for storage.

            They are easy to be packaged and transported and can be used to produce a large variety of high desirable foods both for man and animals.

            Cereal grains are the most important source of the world’s total food. The grains are eaten in many ways, sometimes as a paste or other preparation of the seeds more often milled and further processed into flour, starch, oil, bran, syrup, sugar, etc. They are also used to feed the animals that provide us with meat, eggs, millet, butter, cheese and a host of other foods. Cereals grains are preserved in ways which make them to last long for processing.