Thesis Abstract

Abstract
Construction and demolition (C&D) landfills play a crucial role in managing the waste generated from building and infrastructure development projects. However, the impact of these landfills on public and occupational health is an emerging concern that warrants comprehensive investigation. This research project aims to assess the various health issues associated with C&D landfills and explore potential mitigation strategies. One significant public health concern related to C&D landfills is the release of harmful substances into the environment. Construction materials often contain hazardous components such as asbestos, lead, and various chemicals, which can leach into the soil and water sources, posing risks to nearby communities. Air pollution is another critical issue, as the decomposition of waste in landfills can release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter, leading to respiratory problems and other health issues among residents. Occupational health risks are also prevalent in C&D landfill settings, particularly for workers involved in waste handling and disposal. Exposure to hazardous substances, physical injuries, and ergonomic issues are common challenges faced by workers in these environments. Proper training, personal protective equipment (PPE), and adherence to safety protocols are essential to mitigate occupational health risks in C&D landfills. Furthermore, the proximity of C&D landfills to residential areas raises concerns about potential long-term health effects on nearby populations. Studies have shown correlations between living close to landfills and increased risks of respiratory diseases, cancer, and other health conditions. Understanding these health impacts is crucial for implementing effective zoning regulations and waste management practices to protect public health. To address the emerging health issues associated with C&D landfills, this research project will conduct a comprehensive literature review, field studies, and data analysis to identify key risk factors and potential solutions. Collaborating with industry stakeholders, regulatory agencies, and health professionals will be crucial in developing evidence-based recommendations for policy improvements and best practices in managing C&D waste. By shedding light on the public and occupational health implications of C&D landfills, this research project aims to raise awareness, promote informed decision-making, and ultimately safeguard the well-being of communities and workers involved in the construction and demolition waste management sector.

Thesis Overview

INTRODUCTION

Historically, construction and demolition (C&D) debris landfills have been considered nonhazardous operations, containing relatively inert wastes such as concrete, asphalt, wood, metals, gypsum drywall, and roofing materials.

In recent years, however, it has become increasingly clear that emissions resulting from the decomposition of gypsum drywall and organic debris are a public health issue. Drywall, comprised of gypsum (CaSO4 •2H2 O), breaks down into hydrogen sulfide and other sulfur compounds under anaerobic conditions and in the presence of water.

Overall, the good news is that C&D landfills are not known for being particularly dangerous to human health, though certainly they do come with their risks (Colledge & Wilder 2011). In each of the case studies from New York, Wisconsin and Virginia (mentioned above) where a C&D landfill was identified to pose potential health risks to the community, there were problems with the ENST 698, fall 2011 facilities that could have been prevented or fixed (United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste .