Thesis Abstract

Abstract
This study examines the effect of climate change, specifically flooding, on housing for the urban poor in Ilaje/Somolu Local Government area. The urban poor are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change due to their limited resources and precarious living conditions. Flooding, a common consequence of climate change, poses a significant threat to housing in low-income urban areas, exacerbating existing challenges faced by the urban poor. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative interviews and observations to explore the impact of flooding on housing in Ilaje/Somolu. Quantitative data on flood occurrences and housing damage are collected from governmental and non-governmental sources and analyzed to understand the frequency and severity of flooding in the area. Additionally, qualitative interviews with residents, community leaders, and experts provide insights into the lived experiences and coping strategies of the urban poor in the face of flooding. Findings from the study reveal that flooding has a profound effect on housing for the urban poor in Ilaje/Somolu. The research shows that flood events are increasing in frequency and intensity, leading to widespread damage to housing infrastructure in low-income neighborhoods. Many residents are forced to evacuate their homes temporarily or permanently due to flooding, resulting in displacement and loss of property. Furthermore, the lack of adequate drainage systems and urban planning exacerbates the impact of flooding on housing in the area. Moreover, the study highlights the resilience and adaptive strategies employed by the urban poor in response to flooding. Residents utilize various coping mechanisms such as raising their homes on stilts, building barriers, and forming community support networks to mitigate the impact of flooding on their housing. However, these strategies are often insufficient in the face of recurrent and severe flood events, underscoring the need for comprehensive and sustainable solutions to address the challenges posed by climate change. In conclusion, this research underscores the urgent need for effective climate change adaptation strategies to protect housing for the urban poor in Ilaje/Somolu. Policy recommendations include improving drainage systems, implementing sustainable urban planning practices, and enhancing community resilience to mitigate the impact of flooding on housing in low-income urban areas.

Thesis Overview

INTRODUCTION:

In the past four decades, economic losses due to natural hazards such as, floods disasters have increased in many folds and have also resulted in major loss of human lives and livelihoods, the destruction of economic and social infrastructure, as well as environmental damages (Munich, 2002). Flood could be seen as one of the most common natural disasters in the world. Floods, one of natural hazards result from the potential for extreme geographical events, to create an unexpected threat to human life and property (Smith, 1996). When severe floods occur in areas occupied by humans, they can create natural disasters which involve the loss of human life and property plus serious disruption to the ongoing activities of large urban and rural communities (Smith and Ward, 1998).

However, besides the negative flood impact such as damage to houses and other buildings, loss of life, loss of jobs or income, disruption of the network of social contact, and interruption to normal access to education, health and food services, there can be a variety of positive flood impacts, for instance, increased fertility of agricultural land (Parker et al. 1987). For poorer groups, some of the impacts are very direct, if flood becomes more frequent and hazardous. The urban poor are the most vulnerable socially, economically and physically to the impacts of extreme events and, to the impact of adverse environmental tendencies resulting from climate change such as flood, drought, increasing sea-level etc. Vulnerability, is a critical dimension of poverty, though synonymous with poverty, but refers to defenselessness and insecurity (Idowu, 2011). With the increasing number of urban dwellers worldwide, the number of people at risk or vulnerable to flood hazards is likely to increase. Any increase in disasters, whether large or small, will threaten development gains and hinder the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals (UN-ISDR, 2008). Disasters such as flooding, poses serious challenge to the economy of a nation. It must be noted that the economic environment of a nation consists of its financial systems, social welfare, power sector, transportation, investments, commerce, manufacturing, construction and banking among others.

Disasters when they occur usually result in pains and huge losses to the economy and in most cases; it is always difficult to quantify the actual cost of damages and recovery. A single case of disaster such as the one that occurred in Lagos, Nigeria on July 10, 2011 actually destroyed several years of developmental efforts. In flood disaster, there are loss of lives, destruction of public utilities and disruption in the smooth functioning of the system that renders fear and uncertainties among the populace. In addition, there was loss of livelihoods, damage to the environment, financial loss, and diversion of resources, epidemics, migration, food shortages and displacement of the people. The impact can be very high in the urban areas, because the areas affected are densely populated and contain vital infrastructure such as in Ilaje community in Lagos state. A more disturbing issue is the lack of attention to the promotion of sustainable environmental management especially in disaster prone areas resulting in devastations which could have been averted.

Flood is said to be the most significant effect of climate change on the poor (Idowu, 2011). It is caused from increased precipitation: therefore destroying infrastructure like roads, culverts, drainage systems, houses and water supply which can have knock-on effects on many parts of the study area. Damage to healthcare infrastructure will affect the health of the population and damage to roads can disrupt livelihoods and income. Four different types of flooding are evident in literature: localized flooding due to inadequate drainage system; flooding from small streams whose banks urban areas are built; and coastal flooding from the sea or through a combination of high tides and high river flows from inland. climate change

Localized flooding occurs many times a year in many informal settlements such as those in the study area, because there are few drains (or those that exist are blocked), most of the ground is highly compacted and pathways between dwellings become streams after heavy rain.

The urban poor in Nigeria particularly refers to a sub-population characterized by various forms of social deprivation, such feature, include low education, low and unstable income, struggle for survival and a spatial housing location with all the characteristics of slums, shanty towns or squatter settlements as epitomized by the Ilaje community. Based on the foregoing, this study is examining the coping mechanism of the residents of Ilaje community, Somolu local government area of Lagos state to flood with the view to evolving a framework for mitigation and adaptation. climate change

This study, therefore, intends to contribute to the body of knowledge in environmental planning, by examining the coping mechanism in Ilaje community being a flood prone area in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria. In an attempt to address these issues, this study, therefore, addresses the following key questions:
• What are the socio-economic characteristics of the residents in the study area?
• What are the adaptive mechanism of the residents to flooding and;
• What is the environmental condition in Ilaje community?