Thesis Abstract

Factors militating against effective environmental sanitation are critical issues that have significant impacts on public health and the well-being of communities. This research aims to identify and analyze the key factors that hinder the successful implementation of environmental sanitation practices. The study employs a mixed-method approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods to provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges faced in this area. The findings reveal several factors that contribute to the ineffectiveness of environmental sanitation efforts. Lack of infrastructure and resources emerge as primary barriers, with many communities lacking proper waste disposal systems, sewage facilities, and access to clean water. Inadequate funding and budget constraints further exacerbate these challenges, limiting the ability of authorities to invest in essential sanitation facilities and services. Moreover, behavioral factors also play a significant role in impeding effective environmental sanitation. Poor waste management practices, such as littering and illegal dumping, are common issues that contribute to environmental pollution and health risks. Inadequate awareness and education on proper sanitation practices also hinder efforts to promote cleanliness and hygiene within communities. Additionally, institutional factors, such as weak regulatory frameworks and enforcement mechanisms, pose significant challenges to ensuring compliance with sanitation standards. The lack of coordination among relevant stakeholders further complicates efforts to address environmental sanitation issues effectively. Political factors, including corruption and mismanagement of resources, also contribute to the inefficiency of sanitation programs and projects. The research highlights the importance of addressing these factors to improve environmental sanitation practices and promote public health. Recommendations include the need for increased investment in sanitation infrastructure, enhanced public awareness campaigns, and the strengthening of regulatory frameworks to enforce compliance with sanitation standards. Collaboration among government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and community members is also essential to address the complex challenges associated with environmental sanitation. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the factors militating against effective environmental sanitation and offers practical recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders to enhance sanitation practices and improve public health outcomes. Addressing these challenges is crucial to creating clean, healthy, and sustainable environments for communities to thrive.

Thesis Overview

INTRODUCTION

In its modern concept, environment includes not only water, air and soil but the social and economic condition under which we live (Park, 2011). The key to mans health lie largely on his environment. Infact, much of mans’ ill-health can be traced to adverse environmental factors such as water, soil and air pollution poor housing conditions, presence of animal reservoir and insects vectors of diseases, which poses serious threats to man’s health. Man is often responsible for the pollution of the environment through urbanization, industrialization and other human activities. According to the National sanitation foundation of USA, the word sanitation is defined as “way of life that is expressed in the clean lines of homes, farms, business, premises, neighborhood and community Parks (2011). Furthermore, World Health Organization (WHO) defines sanitation as the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and faeces and other waste materials (UNICEF and WHO 2012).