Thesis Abstract

Groundwater contamination is a critical environmental issue that has significant impacts on both human health and ecosystems. This research project aims to investigate the effects of groundwater contamination on water quality, public health, and the environment. The study will focus on identifying sources of contamination, such as industrial activities, agricultural practices, and improper waste disposal, that contribute to the pollution of groundwater resources. By analyzing water samples from contaminated sites, the project will assess the presence of pollutants and their concentrations to determine the extent of contamination. Furthermore, the research will evaluate the potential health risks associated with consuming contaminated groundwater. Contaminants such as heavy metals, pesticides, and organic pollutants can pose serious health hazards to individuals who rely on groundwater as their primary source of drinking water. By studying the exposure pathways and health effects of these contaminants, the project aims to raise awareness about the importance of water quality monitoring and regulation. In addition to human health concerns, groundwater contamination also has adverse effects on the environment. Pollutants can accumulate in soil and water bodies, leading to ecosystem disturbances and biodiversity loss. The research will investigate the ecological impacts of contamination on aquatic organisms, plant life, and soil quality to understand the long-term consequences of groundwater pollution. Moreover, the project will explore remediation strategies to mitigate the effects of groundwater contamination. Technologies such as phytoremediation, bioremediation, and chemical treatment will be evaluated for their effectiveness in removing pollutants from groundwater and restoring water quality. The research will also assess the economic feasibility and sustainability of these remediation techniques to provide practical solutions for contaminated sites. Overall, this research project will contribute to a better understanding of the effects of groundwater contamination on water resources, public health, and the environment. By identifying sources of contamination, evaluating health risks, assessing ecological impacts, and exploring remediation strategies, the study aims to inform policymakers, regulators, and the public about the importance of protecting groundwater quality. Through interdisciplinary collaboration and scientific investigation, this research seeks to promote sustainable water management practices and safeguard groundwater resources for future generations.

Thesis Overview

In Nigeria, inadequate supply of pipe borne water is a major concern; hence many homes have wells as a source of water for household uses. The groundwater of forty wells in Agbowo community was assessed for Total Aerobic Bacteria Counts (TABC) and Total Coliform Counts (TCC). The location and distances of wells from septic tanks were determine dusing the Global Positioning System (GPS) device and a tape rule respectively. All the wells sampled had high TABC(4.76±1.41 log CFU/mL) and TCC (2.29±0.67 log CFU/mL) counts which exceeded the international standard of 0 per100 mL of potable water.

There were no significant differences in the bacterial counts between covered and uncoveredwells (p >0.05). The mean distance (8.93±3.61m) of wells from the septic tanks was below the limit (15.24 m or 50 ft) setby United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). TABC increased with a decrease in distance between thewells and septic tanks though not significant (p <0.05)A very weak positive correlation (r2=0.021)ensued between thedistance from septic tank and CC, while a weak negative correlation (r2=
‒0.261)  was obtained between the TCC andTABC. This study accentuates the need to set standards for the siting of wells from septic tanks while considering allpossible sources of well contamination as well as treatment of ground water before use.