Thesis Abstract

Abstract
Construction and demolition (C&D) landfills play a crucial role in managing the waste generated from building and infrastructure development projects. While these landfills are essential for the disposal of construction and demolition debris, they also pose significant public and occupational health risks. This research project aims to investigate the impact of C&D landfills on emerging health issues affecting both the general public and workers in the construction and waste management industries. The public health implications of C&D landfills include the potential for air, soil, and water contamination from the leachate and emissions produced by decomposing waste materials. Studies have shown that exposure to contaminants from C&D landfills can lead to respiratory problems, skin irritation, and other adverse health effects in nearby communities. Furthermore, the improper management of C&D waste can attract pests and vermin, increasing the risk of disease transmission to humans living or working in the vicinity of these landfills. Occupational health issues related to C&D landfills primarily affect workers involved in waste collection, transportation, and disposal activities. These workers are at risk of exposure to hazardous materials, physical injury, and ergonomic stressors while handling construction and demolition debris. Inadequate training, lack of personal protective equipment, and limited access to medical services further exacerbate the health risks faced by these workers. Chronic health conditions such as musculoskeletal disorders, respiratory illnesses, and skin diseases are prevalent among individuals working in C&D landfill operations. To address these emerging public and occupational health issues, a comprehensive assessment of current C&D landfill practices and regulations is necessary. Implementing effective waste management strategies, such as source reduction, recycling, and proper disposal techniques, can help minimize the environmental and health impacts of C&D landfills. Educating both the public and industry professionals on the importance of waste segregation, containment, and monitoring is essential for mitigating health risks associated with C&D waste disposal. By examining the complex interplay between C&D landfills, public health, and occupational safety, this research project aims to inform policymakers, regulatory agencies, and stakeholders about the urgent need to prioritize health considerations in C&D waste management practices. Through collaborative efforts and evidence-based interventions, it is possible to create healthier and more sustainable environments for communities living near C&D landfills and workers engaged in waste management activities.

Thesis Overview

INTRODUCTION

Historically, construction and demolition (C&D) debris landfills have been considered nonhazardous operations, containing relatively inert wastes such as concrete, asphalt, wood, metals, gypsum drywall, and roofing materials.

In recent years, however, it has become increasingly clear that emissions resulting from the decomposition of gypsum drywall and organic debris are a public health issue. Drywall, comprised of gypsum (CaSO4 •2H2 O), breaks down into hydrogen sulfide and other sulfur compounds under anaerobic conditions and in the presence of water.

Overall, the good news is that C&D landfills are not known for being particularly dangerous to human health, though certainly they do come with their risks (Colledge & Wilder 2011). In each of the case studies from New York, Wisconsin and Virginia (mentioned above) where a C&D landfill was identified to pose potential health risks to the community, there were problems with the ENST 698, fall 2011 facilities that could have been prevented or fixed (United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste .