Thesis Abstract

Abstract
The rapid urbanization and sprawl of cities worldwide have led to significant fragmentation and alteration of natural landscapes. This transformation has had profound impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human well-being. The legacy of urban sprawl is characterized by fragmented patches of nature, isolated green spaces, and disrupted ecological connectivity. These fragmented landscapes pose challenges for the conservation and management of biodiversity, as they can lead to loss of species diversity, disruptions in ecological processes, and increased vulnerability to environmental stressors. Understanding the consequences of urban sprawl on nature is crucial for developing effective strategies for conservation and sustainable land use planning. Fragmentation of natural habitats can result in decreased habitat quality, loss of genetic diversity, and increased edge effects. These changes can have cascading effects on ecosystem functioning, such as altered nutrient cycling, reduced pollination services, and increased susceptibility to invasive species. Moreover, fragmented landscapes can create barriers to wildlife movement and dispersal, leading to population isolation and reduced gene flow. The legacy of urban sprawl extends beyond ecological impacts to influence human health and well-being. Fragmented green spaces in urban areas can have psychological and physiological benefits for residents, such as improved mental health, reduced stress levels, and enhanced physical activity. However, the quality and accessibility of green spaces in urban environments are often unevenly distributed, leading to disparities in health outcomes among different populations. Addressing the legacy of sprawl requires a multi-faceted approach that integrates ecological, social, and economic considerations. Conservation efforts should focus on restoring and enhancing connectivity between fragmented habitats, creating green corridors, and promoting sustainable land management practices. Urban planning strategies should prioritize the protection of natural areas, the expansion of green infrastructure, and the integration of nature-based solutions into city design. Overall, understanding the legacy of sprawl on nature is essential for guiding sustainable development practices and promoting the coexistence of human activities and natural ecosystems. By recognizing the importance of preserving and restoring fragmented landscapes, we can work towards a more resilient and harmonious relationship between cities and nature.

Thesis Overview

INTRODUCTION

Biological diversity (or biodiversity, for short) is the variety of life on Earth and the interactions, cycles, and processes of nature that link it all together. In its broadest definition, biodiversity includes individual species, the genetic diversity within species, the natural communities in which these species interact, and the ecosystems and landscapes in which species evolve and coexist (Noss and Cooperrider 1994). Although conservation efforts to protect biodiversity tend to focus on unique plants or rare animals, biodiversity actually encompasses all nature, including both common and rare components and even more obscure organisms such as fungi and microbes.