Title Page i

Certification ii

Dedication iii

Acknowledgement iv

Abstract v

Table of Contents vi

Chapter ONE

1.1 Background of the Study 1

1.2 Biography of Dennis Brutus and Oswald Mtshali 4

1.3 Purpose of the Study 6

1.4 Justification of the Study 7

1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study 8

1.6 Methodology 8

End notes 9

Chapter TWO

2.1 Poetry as a Societal Outlook 11

2.2 The Sociological Approach 12

2.3 Apartheid in South African 15

End Notes 18

Chapter THREE

(A) Symbols and Images as Poetic Techniques in the

Poem of Dennis Brutus “a Troubadour I Traverse” 19

End Notes 29

(B) Symbols and Images as Poetic Techniques in the 30

Poems of Oswald Mtshali

End Notes 37

Chapter FOUR

4.1 Summary 38

4.2 Conclusion 40

Bibliography 42

Appendices 43