Thesis Abstract

<p> In modern society, economic prosperity and progress depend largely on the<br>quality of leadership. This is true of nation states as it is of individuals or<br>generate among policy makers, corporate executives and investors are largely<br>justified. Leadership is very essential in an organization because achievements<br>and results occur corollary to the traits being projected by the leader. The<br>major aim of every organization is to grow. The relationship between the<br>management and employees has a great impact to that effect. Employees will be<br>expecting to earn higher so as to sustain their living while the management will<br>be expecting employee to work had so as to see that the objectives of the<br>organization is realized. Organizational behaviour is more or less a pure<br>psychology attached to the institutional companies and applicable to achieve<br>organisational goals. It constitutes the activities of an organisation that can be<br>observed by another organisation or by experimental instruments. The research<br>work will focus on the leadership and effects of leadership style, appraisal and<br>organisational behaviour of management and employees. The work is made up<br>of five chapters. In the first chapter we will discuss about the general ideas of<br>leadership, organisational behaviour and its effects on management and<br>employee. In the second chapter we shall look into the literature review, we<br>shall look into various authors who have researched on the leadership styles,<br>appraisal and organisational behaviour of management and employees. In<br>chapter three, we will present research methodology while chapter four will be<br>presentation of data analysis. We shall also interpret the data and test the<br>hypothesis and finally, chapter five will be summaries, findings and<br>recommendation. <br></p>

Thesis Overview

<p> 1.1 INTRODUCTION<br>GENERAL IDEA OF LEADERSHIP<br>Leadership is a process in which a leader attempts to influence his or her<br>followers to establish and accomplish a goal or goals.<br>LEADERSHIP<br>The capacity to lead others: command, lead.<br>An act or instance of guiding: direction, guidance, lead, management. See<br>affect/ineffectiveness.<br>Leadership is the process through which an individual tries to influence another<br>individual or a group of individuals to accomplish a goal. Leadership is valued<br>in our culture, especially when it helps to achieve goals that are beneficial to the<br>population, such as the enactment of effective preventive health policies. An<br>individual with leadership qualities can also improve an organization and the<br>individuals in it, whether it be a teacher who works to get better teaching<br>materials and after school programs or an employee who develops new ideas<br>and products and influences others to invest in them.<br>Leadership can be exhibited in a variety of ways and circumstances. Mothers<br>and fathers show leadership in raising their children with good values and<br>2<br>encouraging them to develop to their potential. Teachers show it in inspiring<br>students to learn and to develop their intellectual capacity. Health care workers<br>can be leaders and develop services that meet the needs of the communities they<br>serve, or work in collaboration with other organizations to create cost<br>effective, prevention oriented programs and services.<br>Many studies have been done and many books and articles have been published<br>on this subject. Through this work a consistent set of leadership attributes has<br>emerged. An effective leader does most, if not all, of the following:<br>Challenge the Process—search out challenging opportunities, take risks, and<br>learn from mistakes.<br>Inspire others to come together and agree on a future direction or goal— create<br>a shared vision by thinking about the future, having a strong positive vision, and<br>encouraging others to participate.<br>Help others to act—help others to work together, to cooperate and collaborate<br>by developing shared goals and building trust, and help to make others stronger<br>by encouraging them to develop their skills and talents.<br>Set an example—behave in ways that are consistent with professed values and<br>help others to achieve small gains that keep them motivated, especially when a<br>goal will not be achieved quickly.<br>3<br>Encourage others—recognize each individual’s contributions to the success of a<br>project.<br>Another way of defining leadership is to acknowledge what people value in<br>individuals that are recognized as leaders. Most people can think of individuals<br>they consider being leaders. Research conducted in the 1980s by James Kouzes<br>and Barry Posner found that a majority of people admire, and willingly follow,<br>people who are honest, forward looking, inspiring, and competent<br>An individual who would like to develop leadership skills can profit from the<br>knowledge that leadership is not just a set of exceptional skills and attributes<br>possessed by only a few very special people. Rather, leadership is a process and<br>a set of skills that can be learned.<br>The word leadership can refer to: the process of leading. Those entities that<br>perform one or more acts of leading.<br>Kouzes (2002) states that “Leadership is not a place, it‘s not a position,and it‘s<br>not a secret code that can‘t be deciphered by ordinary people. Leadership is an<br>observable set of skills and abilities. Of course some people are better at it than<br>others.”<br>In general terms, leadership can be defined as the ability to influence the<br>behavior of others.<br>This definition can be expanded when considering leadership in organizations to<br>include the fact that the leader exerts influence within a working group in order<br>that the group may achieve group tasks or objectives. (T .Lucy 1997) leadership<br>is an everyday art involving the skill of leading and dealing with people. The<br>success in ruling new dominions is contingent upon both his ability to wield<br>power effectively, and the existence of an opportunistic situation. Problems,<br>which result within organizational members, disagree on both the natures of the<br>goals of which people disagree on both the natures of the goals of which people<br>aspire, and the act of leadership. Leadership, as we use the term refers to<br>behaviour, undertaken within the context of an organisational members behave.<br>It could be observed that leadership and management envisages deeply into<br>what the organization can achieve if the quality of recognition is accorded to<br>them. Leadership has been propounded to include the sources of influence that<br>are built into a position in an organizational hierarchy.<br>These include organizationally sanctioned rewards, and punishments, authority,<br>as well as referent and expert power katz and kahn 1966, p.32. It could be seen<br>however, that subordinates within the organization, through not all seem to<br>enjoy the influence that exists all over and above the organization.<br>Leadership is very essential organization and greatly influences the whole<br>organization because achievements and results occur corollary to the traits being<br>projected by the leader. Leadership includes the ultimate source of power but<br>has that positive ability in persuading other individuals and to be innovative in<br>decision making. According to Bennis and Nanus, many organizations are over<br>managed and under led. The difference is crucial, managed are people who do<br>things right, but leaders are people who do the right things always.<br>Problems are bound to occur within every noted organisation and decision<br>making is bound to generate conflicts while initiating policies.<br>People are expected to coordinate. Whatever they are doing to achieve<br>organizational goals. In this light, the notion of leadership act are those which<br>help a grouping meeting those stated objectives (Bavelas 1960:p491).in general<br>terms the acts of controlling other people consists uncertainty reduction ,which<br>entails making the kind of choice that permits the organization to proceed<br>towards its objective despite various kinds of internal and external variables.<br>The effectiveness of leadership has some characteristics, which include forceful<br>threats, a complete assertion of authority to the subordinates, and a derived, and<br>situational responsibility.<br>Note that in the society today, not only the presence of rewards (positive and<br>negative), or the incentive appraisal could induce productivity but the feeling of<br>belongingness.<br>Improper leadership qualities within the organization have a negative impact on<br>the subordinates as well as the achievement of the organizational objective. An<br>organization that has growth and forward looking has a good leadership and vis<br>a vis a bad or deteriorating organization has a bad leadership.<br>Leadership is always related to the situation. There is a growing awareness that<br>is a continuous interaction between the factors presents in any given situation,<br>including for example, the personal characteristics of the leader, the tasks, the<br>environment, the technology, the attitudes, motivation and behavior of the<br>followers and so on.<br>1.2 BRIEF HISTORY OF SIAMOND BANK PLC<br>Diamond Bank Plc began as a private limited liability company on March 21,<br>1991 (the company was incorporated on December 20, 1990). Ten years later,<br>in February 2001, it became a universal bank. In January 2005, following a<br>highly successful Private Placement share offer which substantially raised the<br>Bank’s equity base, Diamond Bank became a public limited company. In May<br>2005, the Bank was listed on The Nigerian Stock Exchange. Moreover, in<br>January 2008, Diamond Bank’s Global Depositary Receipts (GDR) was listed<br>on the Professional Securities Market of the London Stock Exchange. The first<br>bank in Africa to record that feat.<br>Today, Diamond Bank is one of the leading banks in Nigeria respected for its<br>excellent service delivery, driven by innovation and operating on the most<br>advanced banking technology platform in the market. Diamond Bank has over<br>the years leveraged on its underlying resilience to grow its asset base and to<br>successfully retain its key business relationships. And like a diamond, our<br>strength makes us even more valued and valuable. Diamond Bank has won<br>several awards including the prestigious “Most Improved Bank of the Year”-<br>Thisday Newspapers, “Best Bank in Mergers &amp; Acquisition”.<br>We have retained excellent banking relationships with a number of well-known<br>international banks, allowing us to provide a bouquet of world class banking<br>services to suit the business needs of our clients. These international banking<br>partners include Citibank; HSBC Bank; ANZ Banking Group; ING BHF Bank<br>AG; Standard Chartered Bank; Belgolaise Bank S.A; Deutsche Bank;<br>Commerzbank; and Nordea Bank Plc.<br>In 2008, and to ensure we grow with the needs of our customers, we streamlined<br>our operations into three distinct strategic business segments: Retail banking,<br>Corporate Banking, and Public sector.<br>Diamond Bank continues to develop and to build on its core competencies. By<br>continually cutting from the rough, we have improved our services and our<br>banking facilities. Like cutting from a rough gem to create a diamond of the<br>finest quality, we are proud to have become a gem of a bank.<br>1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM AND SUB PROBLEM<br>The design of the investigation is to elicit the effect of the different leadership<br>styles in finance oriented and services oriented organization in order to<br>determine its distinct impact on the organizational behavior of management<br>and employees in the case organization.<br>SUB PROBLEM I: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the factors of<br>leadership (the traits: intelligence, initiative, imagination, communication, the<br>skills, analytical, diagnostic, conceptual, the status, recognition and the<br>situation) culture in the case organisation with the view to calculate their<br>contribution in attaining organisational objective. (Contribution to efficiency<br>and growth in profit).<br>SUB PROBLEM II: The object on the inquiry is to ascertain the most<br>favourable leadership style amongst autocratic, democratic, paternalistic, and<br>laissez faire, used in the case organisation to determine its influence on<br>management and employees.<br>SUB PROBLEM III: The intention of the investigation is to compare the<br>relationship (positive or negative) between leadership and organisational<br>behavior in the finance and service oriented organisation to identify the effect<br>on work performance.<br>SUB PROBLEM IV: The purpose of the study is to correlate the leadership<br>style to organisational behavior of management and employees in DIAMOND<br>BANK to decide the trend and influence of leadership style on the<br>organisational behavior of management and employees. <br></p>