1. Introduction
  1.1 Background and Context
  1.2 Objectives of the Study
2. Principles of Urban Design
  2.1 Historical Perspectives and Contemporary Trends
  2.2 Urban Form and Spatial Organization
  2.3 Human-Scale Design and Accessibility
3. Placemaking and Community Engagement
  3.1 Creating Identity and Sense of Place
  3.2 Participatory Design Processes
  3.3 Cultural and Social Equity in Public Space Design
4. Landscape Architecture in Urban Settings
  4.1 Green Infrastructure and Ecological Design
  4.2 Urban Parks and Recreation Spaces
  4.3 Streetscape Design and Complete Streets
5. Functional and Aesthetic Considerations
  5.1 Multifunctional Use of Public Spaces
  5.2 Artistic and Aesthetic Elements
  5.3 Lighting, Furnishings, and Urban Elements