1. Introduction
  1.1 Background on seismic retrofitting
  1.2 Importance of retrofitting existing buildings
2. Seismic Vulnerability Assessment
  2.1 Building inventory and vulnerability mapping
  2.2 Risk assessment and prioritization
3. Retrofitting Techniques
  3.1 Base isolation systems
  3.2 Energy dissipation devices
  3.3 Strengthening of structural elements
4. Case Studies
  4.1 Retrofitting projects in seismic regions
  4.2 Performance evaluation of retrofitted buildings
5. Cost-Benefit Analysis
  5.1 Economic considerations for retrofitting
  5.2 Comparative analysis of retrofitting techniques