Thesis Abstract

Abstract
The bearing capacity of sandy soil is a critical factor in the design and construction of various structures, such as foundations, embankments, and retaining walls. Sandy soil is known for its low bearing capacity due to its loose and granular nature, which can lead to settlement issues and potential failure of structures. Grouting is a commonly used technique to improve the bearing capacity of sandy soil by injecting a cementitious or chemical grout material into the soil to improve its strength and stability. This research project focuses on investigating the quality and improvement of the bearing capacity of sandy soil through grouting. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of different grouting materials, techniques, and parameters in enhancing the bearing capacity of sandy soil. Laboratory testing, including standard penetration tests, cone penetration tests, and direct shear tests, will be conducted to assess the initial and improved strength characteristics of the sandy soil samples. The research will also explore the influence of factors such as grout mix design, injection pressure, curing time, and depth of grout penetration on the improvement of bearing capacity. Numerical modeling using finite element analysis will be employed to simulate the grouting process and predict the behavior of grouted sandy soil under various loading conditions. Furthermore, field studies will be conducted to validate the laboratory findings and assess the practical feasibility and effectiveness of grouting in real-world soil improvement projects. Case studies of completed grouting projects will be analyzed to identify best practices and lessons learned in improving the bearing capacity of sandy soil through grouting. The findings of this research will contribute to the advancement of geotechnical engineering practices related to soil improvement techniques, particularly in enhancing the bearing capacity of sandy soil through grouting. The results will provide valuable insights for engineers, contractors, and researchers involved in the design and construction of structures on sandy soil, helping them make informed decisions and optimize the use of grouting as a cost-effective and sustainable solution for improving soil strength and stability.

Thesis Overview

1.1 INTRODUCTIONThe construction of structure on weak ground often requires the soil to be improved in order to ensure the safety and the stability of surrounding buildings. The ground improvement in granular soils can be achieved by different methods such as vibro-floatation, compaction piles, and compaction with explosives, excavation and replacement, grouting e.t.c. The selective of the most suitable method depend on a variety of factors, such as: soil conditions, required degree of compaction, types of structure to be supported, as well as site specific considerations available time for completion of the project, availability of equipment and materials e.t.c. Soil compaction can offer effective solutions for many foundation problems and his especially useful for reducing total settlement in sand. Sandy soil means most of the soil particles are bigger than 2mm in diameter. It gives good water drainage and has a low capacity to hold nutrients. Sandy soil does not hold moisture very well. It is granular and consists of rock and mineral particle that are very small. Therefore, the texture is gritty and is formed by the disintegration and weathering of rocks such as limestone, granite, quartz and shale. Is also easier to cultivate it if it is rich in organic materials but then it allows drainage more than needed. This results in over drainage and dehydration of the plant in summer. It warms very fast in the spring season. Grouting on the other hand is a process whereby stabilizes either in the form of suspension or solution is injected into sub surface soil. Sandy soil is the largest particle in the soil when you rub it, if feels rough. This is because it has sharp edges and it does not hold many nutrients.1.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF GROUTINGThe development and history of compaction grouting over the last 30-40 years as been established by many distinguished researcher, design engineer and design contractor. Many technical papers are been published dealing physically with the issues surround compaction grouting design such as: -compaction grouting, 1973”, -planning and performing compaction grouting” 1974. These and other important reference are the main stream basis of knowledge for the highly specialize engineering and construction technique know as compaction grouting. The compaction grout method as some unique features which allow distinct advantages over other remedial method of geo-technical construction. In many distances growth is the only viable solution. Some of the advantages include: Economic: Many time compaction grouting is the only feasible solution to foundation settlement problems, other than demolishing the structure and re-building with expensive deep foundation technique. Minimal disturbance: During the grouting operation, destructure may remain occupied and in service. Minimal risk: Compaction grouting offers minimal risk of catastrophic structural failure while re-leveling structure. Other are: Minimal geotechnical exploration, provide greater support for structures, cost factor e.t.c.1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVE1. To determine the nature of the sandy soil particles.2. To determine the degree of the sandy soil compatibility.3. To carry out the improvement of sandy soil through grouting.To carryout some laboratory test on sandy soil such as compaction test California bearing ration (CBR) test, atterberg LIMIT test, liquid limit test, Plastic limit test, sieve analysis test in comparing the effectiveness of grouting system.SCOPE OF THE STUDYThis research is focused on the quality and improvement of bearing capacity of sandy soil by grouting.1.4 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDYThe limitations of this study are: TIME FACTOR: Limited time that does not permit to carryout many practical. AREA OF STUDY: This project is limited the technical study of sandy soil properties.