Thesis Abstract

Abstract
Perfumes have been a part of human civilization for centuries, with a rich history of being derived from natural sources such as plants. The extraction and formation of perfume from various plant resources have gained significant attention due to the growing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly products in the fragrance industry. This research project aims to explore the methods of extracting aromatic compounds from different plant sources and the subsequent formulation of perfumes. The extraction process involves various techniques such as steam distillation, solvent extraction, enfleurage, and maceration, each method suitable for specific types of plants and aromatic compounds. The choice of extraction method can significantly impact the quality and quantity of the extracted fragrance compounds. Furthermore, the selection of plant sources plays a crucial role in determining the fragrance profile and complexity of the final perfume product. Formulating perfumes from plant-derived aromatic compounds requires a deep understanding of fragrance blending, including the top, middle, and base notes that contribute to the overall scent composition. The synergistic effects of combining different plant extracts result in unique and captivating fragrance profiles that are distinct from synthetic fragrances. Additionally, natural perfumes have the advantage of being free from synthetic chemicals, making them a preferred choice for consumers seeking clean and green fragrance options. In this research project, various plant resources such as flowers, fruits, leaves, and woods will be explored for their aromatic potential. The extraction methods will be optimized to maximize the yield of fragrance compounds while preserving their delicate aromatic profiles. The extracted compounds will then be carefully blended to create bespoke perfume formulations that highlight the natural beauty and complexity of plant-derived fragrances. The research will also investigate the sustainability aspects of sourcing plant materials for perfume extraction, considering factors such as cultivation practices, biodiversity conservation, and ethical sourcing. By promoting the use of plant-based resources for perfume production, this research aims to contribute to the development of environmentally conscious practices in the fragrance industry. Overall, this research project seeks to explore the rich diversity of plant resources for perfume extraction and formulation, highlighting the unique olfactory experiences that natural fragrances can offer. Through a combination of scientific exploration and artistic creativity, this project aims to inspire the creation of sustainable and alluring plant-based perfumes that resonate with modern consumers' preferences for natural and authentic fragrance products.

Thesis Overview

1. 1 INTRODUCTION
The word perfume derives from the latin ―per fumum‖ meaning through smoke, is fragrant liquid that is sprayed or rubbed on the skin or clothes to give a pleasant smell. Extraction of perfume from various plants resources is of ancient origin. Infact the natives from different tropical regions of the globe have long been extracting oil from numerous oil bearing plants. Human since the ancient time have known how to extract oil from their natural resources. Vegetable oils are naturally occurring esters of higher fatty acids and glycerol. They are widely distributed in nature and were first consumed as food. Later oils were discovered to be used as renewable raw materials for variety of non food production, for instance perfumes, disinfectants, inks to mention but a few.

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Several thousands of plants distributed throughtout the world contain a group of odiferous, fragrance, oily products that are highly volatile organic substances collectively known as essential oils. ―Essential‖ does not mean ―most necessary‖ but rather the concentrated characteristics or quintessence of a natural flavor or fragrance raw material (Coulson et al,

2003). Therefore, perfume may be from essential oils of vegetables or plant origin. It is a complex mixture of aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons, alcoholic acid and short chain esters.

The existence of perfume on certain plants has been known for thousands of years. They can be found in leaves, flowers, stems, barks, and roots. Ancient Egytians extracted essential oils from plants tissues by steam distillation (Ogbu,2005). Other methods of isolating essential oils includes solvent extraction, expression, cold plate or enfleurage. Some of these methods have been adopted by essential oil extracting industries. Information on perfume when the essential oils have been extracted from plants are of different type of oils and these will ultimately influence the smell of perfume over time namely:….