Thesis Abstract

Abstract
The extraction and formation of perfumes from various plant resources is a fascinating and complex process that has been practiced for centuries. Plants contain a wide array of aromatic compounds that can be harnessed to create unique and alluring fragrances. This research project aims to explore the techniques and methods involved in extracting these aromatic compounds from different plant sources and utilizing them in the formulation of perfumes. Various extraction methods such as steam distillation, solvent extraction, enfleurage, and maceration are commonly used to isolate the aromatic compounds from plants. Each method has its own advantages and is suitable for different types of plant materials. Steam distillation, for example, is ideal for extracting essential oils from aromatic plants like lavender and peppermint, while solvent extraction is more effective for delicate flowers like jasmine and rose. Once the aromatic compounds are extracted, they are carefully blended to create unique fragrance compositions. Perfumers, or professionals who create fragrances, use their expertise and creativity to combine different essential oils, absolutes, and other aromatic ingredients to achieve the desired scent profile. The art of perfume formulation requires a deep understanding of the characteristics of each aromatic compound and how they interact with one another. In addition to traditional plant-based sources, modern perfumery also utilizes synthetic compounds to enhance and stabilize fragrances. These synthetic ingredients are often derived from petrochemicals and are used to mimic natural aromas or create entirely new scents. The combination of natural and synthetic ingredients allows perfumers to create complex and long-lasting fragrances that appeal to a wide range of preferences. The extraction and formulation of perfumes from plant resources play a crucial role in the fragrance industry. By harnessing the aromatic compounds found in nature, perfumers can create unique and captivating scents that evoke a wide range of emotions and memories. Understanding the techniques involved in extracting and blending these aromatic compounds is essential for creating high-quality perfumes that stand out in a competitive market. Overall, this research project sheds light on the intricate process of extracting and formulating perfumes from various plant resources. By exploring the techniques and methods used in this creative and scientific endeavor, we gain a deeper appreciation for the art of perfumery and the natural sources of fragrance that inspire it.

Thesis Overview

1. 1 INTRODUCTION
The word perfume derives from the latin ―per fumum‖ meaning through smoke, is fragrant liquid that is sprayed or rubbed on the skin or clothes to give a pleasant smell. Extraction of perfume from various plants resources is of ancient origin. Infact the natives from different tropical regions of the globe have long been extracting oil from numerous oil bearing plants. Human since the ancient time have known how to extract oil from their natural resources. Vegetable oils are naturally occurring esters of higher fatty acids and glycerol. They are widely distributed in nature and were first consumed as food. Later oils were discovered to be used as renewable raw materials for variety of non food production, for instance perfumes, disinfectants, inks to mention but a few.

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Several thousands of plants distributed throughtout the world contain a group of odiferous, fragrance, oily products that are highly volatile organic substances collectively known as essential oils. ―Essential‖ does not mean ―most necessary‖ but rather the concentrated characteristics or quintessence of a natural flavor or fragrance raw material (Coulson et al,

2003). Therefore, perfume may be from essential oils of vegetables or plant origin. It is a complex mixture of aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons, alcoholic acid and short chain esters.

The existence of perfume on certain plants has been known for thousands of years. They can be found in leaves, flowers, stems, barks, and roots. Ancient Egytians extracted essential oils from plants tissues by steam distillation (Ogbu,2005). Other methods of isolating essential oils includes solvent extraction, expression, cold plate or enfleurage. Some of these methods have been adopted by essential oil extracting industries. Information on perfume when the essential oils have been extracted from plants are of different type of oils and these will ultimately influence the smell of perfume over time namely:….