Thesis Abstract

Abstract
The extraction and formation of perfume from various plant resources is a fascinating area of research that combines the fields of chemistry, botany, and perfumery. This study explores the process of obtaining essential oils and aromatic compounds from different plants to create unique and alluring fragrances. The extraction methods discussed in this research include steam distillation, solvent extraction, enfleurage, and cold pressing. Each method has its own advantages and is suitable for different types of plant materials. Steam distillation is a popular technique for extracting essential oils from aromatic plants such as lavender, rosemary, and eucalyptus. Solvent extraction, on the other hand, is commonly used for delicate flowers like jasmine and rose. Enfleurage is a traditional method that involves capturing the scent of flowers in animal or vegetable fats, while cold pressing is primarily used for citrus fruits to obtain their essential oils. Furthermore, the chemical composition of the extracted oils plays a crucial role in determining the fragrance profile of the final perfume. Compounds such as terpenes, aldehydes, and esters contribute to the overall scent and longevity of the perfume. By understanding the chemical constituents of plant extracts, perfumers can create complex and harmonious fragrances that appeal to different preferences. In addition to extraction methods and chemical composition, the geographical origin of plant sources also influences the olfactory properties of the resulting perfumes. Plants grown in different regions develop distinct aromatic profiles due to variations in soil composition, climate, and cultivation practices. For example, French lavender is known for its sweet and floral scent, while Bulgarian rose has a rich and deep aroma. Moreover, sustainable practices in plant cultivation and extraction are becoming increasingly important in the perfume industry. Ethical sourcing, fair trade agreements, and organic farming methods ensure the long-term viability of plant resources and support local communities. By promoting sustainability in perfume production, companies can create environmentally friendly products that resonate with eco-conscious consumers. Overall, the extraction and formation of perfume from various plant resources is a multifaceted process that requires a deep understanding of botany, chemistry, and perfumery. By exploring different extraction methods, understanding chemical composition, considering geographical origin, and promoting sustainability, perfumers can create captivating fragrances that delight the senses and contribute to a more sustainable future for the industry.

Thesis Overview

1. 1 INTRODUCTION
The word perfume derives from the latin ―per fumum‖ meaning through smoke, is fragrant liquid that is sprayed or rubbed on the skin or clothes to give a pleasant smell. Extraction of perfume from various plants resources is of ancient origin. Infact the natives from different tropical regions of the globe have long been extracting oil from numerous oil bearing plants. Human since the ancient time have known how to extract oil from their natural resources. Vegetable oils are naturally occurring esters of higher fatty acids and glycerol. They are widely distributed in nature and were first consumed as food. Later oils were discovered to be used as renewable raw materials for variety of non food production, for instance perfumes, disinfectants, inks to mention but a few.

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Several thousands of plants distributed throughtout the world contain a group of odiferous, fragrance, oily products that are highly volatile organic substances collectively known as essential oils. ―Essential‖ does not mean ―most necessary‖ but rather the concentrated characteristics or quintessence of a natural flavor or fragrance raw material (Coulson et al,

2003). Therefore, perfume may be from essential oils of vegetables or plant origin. It is a complex mixture of aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons, alcoholic acid and short chain esters.

The existence of perfume on certain plants has been known for thousands of years. They can be found in leaves, flowers, stems, barks, and roots. Ancient Egytians extracted essential oils from plants tissues by steam distillation (Ogbu,2005). Other methods of isolating essential oils includes solvent extraction, expression, cold plate or enfleurage. Some of these methods have been adopted by essential oil extracting industries. Information on perfume when the essential oils have been extracted from plants are of different type of oils and these will ultimately influence the smell of perfume over time namely:….