The phytochemical constituents of hexanolic extract of ocimum gratissimum (scent leaves)
Table Of Contents
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Aim of Study
1.2 Literature Review
1.3 Phytochemicals
1.3.1 Alkaloids
1.3.2 Flavonoids
1.3.2.1 Antioxidant activities
1.3.2.2 Antimicrobial activities
1.3.2.3 Antibacterial activities
1.3.2.3 Antiatherosclerotic effects
1.3.3 Saponins
1.3.4 Tannins
Chapter TWO
2.0 Materials and Methods
2.1 Materials Used
2.2 Collection and Identification of samples
2.3 Sample preparation
2.3.1 Drying of the leaves
2.3.2 Pulverisation of the leaves
2.3.3 Extraction Procedure
2.3.4 Filtration Process
2.3.5 Concentration Process
2.4 Phytochemical Analysis
2.4.1 Oualitative Analysis
2.4.1.1 Test for Alkaloids
2.4.1.2 Test for Phytosterol
2.4.1.3 Test for Flavonoids
2.4.1.4 Test for Saponin
2.4.1.5 Test for Phenol and Tannin
2.4.2 Ouantitative Analysis
2.4.2.1 Determination of flavonoid content
2.4.2.2 Determination of tannins content
2.4.2.3 Determination of Saponins content
2.4.2.4 Determination of flavonoid content
2.4.2.5 Determination of Phenolic content
2.4.2.6 Determination of Reducing Power
Chapter THREE
3.0 Results
Chapter FOUR
4.0 Discussion and Conclusion
4.1 Discussion
4.2 Conclusion
References
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 – Showing the qualitative analysis results of phytochemical constituents of Ocimum grattissimum
Table 2 – Showing the quantitative analysis of phytochemical constituents of Ocimum grattissimum
Table 3 – Showing the flavonoids determination
Table 4 – Showing the tannin determination
Table 5 – Showing the total phenol determination
Table 6 – Showing the ascorbic acid absorbance
Table 7 – Bioactivity of compounds detected through GC-MS screening of methanolic extract of scent leaves
LIST OF FIGURES
Figxure 1 – Graph showing the flavonoids determination
Figure 2 – Graph showing the tannin determination
Figure 3 – Graph showing the total Phenol determination
Figure 4 – Graph showing the reducing standard curve.
Thesis Abstract
AbstractOcimum gratissimum, commonly known as scent leaves, is a plant with various traditional medicinal uses due to its rich phytochemical composition. In this study, the hexanolic extract of Ocimum gratissimum was analyzed to identify its phytochemical constituents. The extraction process was carried out using hexane as the solvent, followed by evaporation to obtain the concentrated hexanolic extract. The extract was then subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening tests to determine the presence of various classes of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols, and terpenoids. The results of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols, and terpenoids in the hexanolic extract of Ocimum gratissimum. Alkaloids are known for their pharmacological properties such as analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Flavonoids possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, while tannins exhibit antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Saponins have been reported to have anticancer and cholesterol-lowering effects. Phenols are antioxidants that can help in preventing various diseases, and terpenoids have shown antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. The identification of these phytochemical constituents in the hexanolic extract of Ocimum gratissimum highlights the potential medicinal properties of this plant. The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols, and terpenoids suggests that the extract may possess various pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. These bioactive compounds contribute to the therapeutic properties of Ocimum gratissimum and support its traditional uses in herbal medicine. Further studies are recommended to isolate and characterize the individual phytochemical compounds present in the hexanolic extract of Ocimum gratissimum. Understanding the specific compounds responsible for the observed pharmacological activities will provide valuable insights for the development of new therapeutic agents from this plant. Additionally, bioassays should be conducted to evaluate the biological activities of the extract and its isolated compounds in order to validate their potential medicinal applications.
Thesis Overview
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