1. Introduction
  1.1 Background
  1.2 Research Objectives
  1.3 Scope and Limitations

2. Affordable Housing Challenges in Urban Areas
  2.1 Housing Affordability Crisis
  2.2 Socioeconomic Impacts of Inadequate Housing
  2.3 Environmental Considerations

3. Strategies for Affordable Housing Design
  3.1 Adaptive Reuse of Existing Structures
  3.2 Modular and Prefabricated Construction
  3.3 Community-Based Approaches
  3.4 Innovative Financing Models

4. Case Studies of Successful Affordable Housing Projects
  4.1 Project A: [Case Study Description]
  4.2 Project B: [Case Study Description]
  4.3 Project C: [Case Study Description]

5. Sustainable and Inclusive Design Principles
  5.1 Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies
  5.2 Universal Design and Accessibility
  5.3 Community Spaces and Social Integration