Thesis Abstract

Abstract
Poultry farming is a significant sector in the agricultural industry, providing a major source of protein through meat and eggs. However, the industry faces challenges due to the prevalence of various diseases that affect poultry health and productivity. This research project aims to investigate the influence and prevalence of poultry diseases and their impact on mortality rates within poultry populations. The study will focus on identifying common poultry diseases such as avian influenza, Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, and coccidiosis, among others. By examining the incidence and spread of these diseases, the research will provide insights into their prevalence within poultry farms. Understanding the prevalence of these diseases is crucial for implementing effective disease management strategies to control outbreaks and minimize mortality rates. Furthermore, the research will explore the factors that contribute to the spread of poultry diseases, including biosecurity measures, vaccination protocols, and environmental conditions. By analyzing these factors, the study aims to identify potential risk factors that increase the susceptibility of poultry flocks to diseases. Implementing appropriate biosecurity measures and vaccination programs can help reduce the prevalence of diseases and improve overall flock health. In addition, the project will investigate the mortality rates associated with different poultry diseases. By analyzing mortality data from poultry farms, the research aims to determine the impact of diseases on poultry populations and assess the economic losses incurred due to mortality. Understanding the mortality rates associated with specific diseases is essential for poultry farmers to make informed decisions regarding disease prevention and control strategies. Overall, this research project will provide valuable insights into the influence and prevalence of poultry diseases and their impact on mortality rates. By understanding the dynamics of poultry diseases, farmers and stakeholders in the poultry industry can develop effective strategies to enhance disease control measures, improve flock health, and optimize productivity. Ultimately, this research aims to contribute to the sustainable growth and development of the poultry industry by addressing the challenges posed by poultry diseases and mortality rates.

Thesis Overview

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Agriculture in Nigeria has remained the largest sector contributing nearly 39% to the gross domestic product for the past two decades and employing nearly 60% of its workforce. Over 80% of the country’s population in the rural areas is directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture for its livelihood (NBC,2005). The Nigeria livestock resources consist of 13,885,813 cattle; 34,453,724 Goat; 22,092, 602 sheep; 3,406,381 pigs; 104,247,960 poultry (Rim, 1992). From these figures, poultry is about 58. 72% of the total livestock production which indicates the place of poultry sub-sections in the livestock industry.

Poultry plays an important economic, nutritional and socio-cultural role in the livelihood or rural household in many developing countries including Nigeria. Poultry are birds that include fowl, turkey, duck, goose, ostrich guinea fowl, pigeon etc. which render not only economic services but contribute significantly to human food as a primary supplier of meat, egg, raw materials for industries (feathers, waste products), source of income and employment to people compare to other domestic animals (Avila 1985; Demehe, 2004).Poultry meat and eggs play a very useful role in protein production in Nigeria. They are palatable and generally acceptable. This acceptability cuts across nearly all cultural region boundaries in Nigeria. Poultry industry plays important role in the development of Nigeria economy. Poultry production has become a full time job for many Nigerians and significantly contribute to the Groose National Product (GNP) (Umeh and Odo; 2002). Poultry products mainly meat and eggs represent important food for improving the nutritional status particularly of the most vulnerable populations-children and pregnant women. Poultry production is an important part of farming in many parts of the world. The major attracting factor in poultry production is probably the tendency of providing a fairly rapid return on capital (Abdulkali; 2002).

The poultry industry in Nigeria has recorded considerable expansion in recent time (FAO, 2000). For example, the creation of Akwa Ibom State in 1987 and the increased activities of oil and gas companies in the area with the resultant improvement in the demand for animal protein especially in the form of poultry products. This has led to the establishment of poultry farms which are located in Uyo agricultural zone of the state. While overall national increase in poultry production has probably triggered off vigorous research into alternative and cheaper feed resources urgently needed to sustain such growth: there is the need to continually focus attention on the health of the animals in other to realize the full potential of the industry (Fasami; 1990).

Poultry diseases remain one of the major threats to boosting poultry production in Nigeria (Halle et al., 1998; Laseinde, 2002). Poultry diseases continue to play major central role in hampering its development (FAO, 1998; Rushton et al, 1999) The impact of diseases on animal agriculture is typically assessed in quantitative terms. In poultry industry examples of these terms include lost revenues, costs of vaccination/prevention, eradication, decontamination and restocking. These have been referred to as a negative input (Unrusfield, 1995). In Nigeria, diseases are among the major factors that hinder poultry development (Alanargot, 1987; Alemu, 1995).