Thesis Abstract

Abstract
Seed treatment with synthetic pesticides is a common practice in modern agriculture to protect crops from various pests and diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of seed treatment with synthetic pesticides on the growth, development, and yield of crops. The research was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Two different synthetic pesticides, A and B, were used for seed treatment, along with a control group of untreated seeds. The results showed that seed treatment with synthetic pesticides significantly improved the germination rate and seedling establishment compared to the control group. The treated seeds exhibited better resistance to pests and diseases, resulting in healthier plants throughout the growth stages. The synthetic pesticides also contributed to higher plant vigor, as evidenced by increased plant height, leaf area, and biomass production. Furthermore, the application of synthetic pesticides via seed treatment had a positive impact on the yield parameters of the crops. The treated plants produced higher yields with better quality attributes compared to the control group. The increased yield could be attributed to the enhanced plant health and vigor resulting from the protection provided by the synthetic pesticides against harmful pests and diseases. However, it is essential to consider the potential environmental and health implications of using synthetic pesticides for seed treatment. While the immediate benefits of improved crop growth and yield are evident, the long-term effects on soil health, biodiversity, and human health must be carefully evaluated. Integrated pest management strategies that combine synthetic pesticides with biological control methods and cultural practices may offer a more sustainable approach to crop protection. In conclusion, seed treatment with synthetic pesticides can be an effective tool for enhancing crop productivity by protecting seeds and seedlings from pests and diseases. The positive effects on germination, plant growth, and yield demonstrate the potential of synthetic pesticides in modern agriculture. Nevertheless, it is crucial to weigh the benefits against the risks and explore alternative pest management practices to ensure the sustainability of agricultural systems. Further research is needed to investigate the long-term effects of synthetic pesticide use and develop comprehensive strategies for pest control in a changing agricultural landscape.

Thesis Overview

Field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research farm ofthe Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria Nsukka to comparethe activity of Cassia alata leaf extract with two synthetic chemicalfungicides applied as seed treatment on the field performance of Nsukkayellow pepper. Four accessions of Nsukka yellow pepper seeds were treatedwith Apron plus 50 Ds (34% furathiocarb + 10% metalaxyl + 6%carboxine) and Thiram (tetramety1 thioperoxydicarbonic diamide) each atthe rate of 30g/100kg of seeds while Cassia alata extracts was used fortreatment at the rate of 1ml/100g of seeds. The seedlings were transplantedinto the field 42 days after planting. Data were collected on agronomic

parameters.

Cassia alata compared favourably well with the syntheticchemical fungicide in all the agronomic parameters measured. There wereno significant differences between the effects of Cassia alata and thesynthetic fungicides on plant height at 50% anthesis, number of branchesand number of days to first anthesis. Cassia alata produced better result anddiffered significantly (p=0.05) with the synthetic chemicals in quantitativecharacter, such as number of leaves at 50% anthesis and number of flowersper plant. The leaf abscission rate was significantly (p=0.05) lower in Cassiaalata treated plants (10.1%) compared with Apron plus 50 Ds (10.32%) orThiram (11.79%). Cassia alata also reduced the number of days to 50%anthesis and number of days to first fruiting (111.7 and 112.7). Evidences inthis study show that, Cassia alata extract has potential as seed dressing

pesticide for Nsukka yellow pepper seeds.