Cover page – – – – – – – i
Title page – – – – – – – – ii
Approval page – – – – – – – – iii
Dedication – – – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – v
List of tables – – – – – – – – vi
Abstract – – – – – – – – – vii
Table of contents – – – – – – – viii
1.0 INTRODUCTION – – – – – – 1
1.1 Background of the Study – – – – 1
1.2 Specifically the Objectives of the study are – 5
1.3 Justification of the Study – – – – 5
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW – – – – 7
2.1 Definition of Erosion – – – – – 7
2.2 Water Erosion – – – – – – – 11
2.3 Raindrop Erosion or Splash Process – – 12
2.4 Surface Flow Erosion Process – – – – 24
2.4.1Sheet Erosion – – – – – – 16
2.4.2Interill Erosion – – – – – 16
2.5 Gully Erosion – – – – – – – 17
2.6 Factors Affecting Soil Erosion – – – 18
2.6.1 Erodibility – – – – – – 19
2.6.2 Erosivity- – — – – – – 21
2.6.3Topography – – – – – – 22
2.7 Soil conservation – – – – – – 22
2.8 Approaches to soil conservation – – – 24
2.9 Soil Stability – – – – – – – 25
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODLOGY – – – 27
3.1 Area of study – – – – – – – 27
3.2 Materials Used – – – – – – 28
3.3 Soil Test – – – – – – – – 29
3.3.1 Plastic Limit – – – – – – 30
3.3.2 Liquid Limit – – – – – – 33
3.3.3 Grain Size Analysis – – – – – 36
3.3.4 Moisture Content – – – – – 40
3.3.5 Shear Strength- – – – – – 42
3.4 Soil Loss Determination – – – – – 47
4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION – – – – 56
4.1 Results – – – – – – – – 56
4.2 Discussion – – – – – – – 56
4.2.1Erodibility Determination – – – 58
4.2.2Precipitation – – – – – – 61
4.2.3Relating Slope To Erosion – – – – 62
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION – 63
5.1 Conclusion
Soil loss is as a result of detachment and transportation of soil particles from one place to another due to rainfall. The rate of soil erosion has been of great concern to the government and people of Imo state as regards to farm land and environmental degradation. This work analyzed the soil samples collected from two erosion sites namely, nNkede and Akaokwa all in Imo State and the soil loss for the samples which is the mainstay of this project was determined using a rainfall simulator. It was observed that Nekede recorded the highest soil loss of 190.3g and Akaokwa with a soil loss of 178.0g both at 9% slope. In terms of steepness of slope, Nekede has the steepest slope of 1/253.3 which led to a greater volume of run off and resulted to the highest soil loss. Recommendations were made on how best to reduce soil loss in Imo state.
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