Thesis Abstract

The abstract section of the research content is as follows The study investigated the effect of soy groundnut mixed grain complementary food on the level of selected growth in male weaning Wistar rats. Twenty male weaning Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups Control group fed with standard rat chow, Group A fed with 25% soy groundnut mixed grain complementary food, Group B fed with 50% soy groundnut mixed grain complementary food, and Group C fed with 75% soy groundnut mixed grain complementary food. The rats were fed the respective diets for a period of 8 weeks. Body weight, length, and head circumference measurements were taken weekly. At the end of the feeding period, blood samples were collected for analysis of selected growth parameters including serum protein, albumin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Results showed that the rats in Group C, fed with 75% soy groundnut mixed grain complementary food, had significantly higher body weight, length, and head circumference compared to the other groups. Serum protein and albumin levels were also significantly higher in Group C compared to the control group and other treatment groups. However, there was no significant difference in IGF-1 levels among the groups. The findings suggest that the inclusion of soy groundnut mixed grain complementary food in the diet of male weaning Wistar rats has a positive effect on growth parameters such as body weight, length, and head circumference. The higher protein and albumin levels in the Group C rats indicate improved nutritional status and growth potential. The lack of significant difference in IGF-1 levels among the groups may suggest that the growth-promoting effects of the complementary food are not mediated through the IGF-1 pathway. In conclusion, soy groundnut mixed grain complementary food has the potential to enhance the growth of male weaning Wistar rats. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms underlying the observed effects and to determine the optimal level of inclusion of soy groundnut mixed grain complementary food in the diet for maximum growth benefits.

Thesis Overview

.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY


Soybean
is one of the most economical and nutritious foods which can combat the
diseases stemming from malnutrition and the nutraceutical ingredients present
in it and can reduce the risk of major chronic diseases like cancer,
atherosclerosis, osteoporosis and diabetes (Vineet, 2007). Soybean is an
excellent source of quality protein and compares well with animal protein in
essential amino acids pattern with the exception of sulphur containing amino
acids. Soybean is the concentrated source of vegetable proteins. It contains
about 40%protein and 20% oil.

Proteins
are abundantly rich in lysine which is a limiting amino acid in most of the
cereals. Soy fat being highly unsaturated has been found to be nutritionally
desirable. Therefore, it can easily supplement the diet of poor Indians
(Chauhan, 2005). It has high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, such as
linoleic and linolenic acids, it is considered as highly healthful oil. The
ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid is 82:18, which is
highly conducive to lower the blood cholesterol. Soy food contains most of the
desirable characteristics therefore; it may be treated as consummate functional
food.

Soybean
also contains many minor substances, which are biologically active non
nutritive components known as “phytochemicals”, “isoflavones” or “phytoestrogen” also known as
coumesterol or “plant estrogen” very
similar to that of female sex hormone estrogen) with very weak activity of
estrogen, which offers unique health benefits.

Soybean
is a good source of niacin, riboflavin, iron, potassium, calcium, magnesium,
and phosphorous with several fat and water soluble vitamin Bcomplex (Tripathi,
2005). Soybeans are often called the “miracle crop.” They are the world’s
foremost provider of vegetable protein and oil. The bushy, green soybean plant
is a legume related to peas, groundnuts (peanuts) and alfalfa.

Soybeans
are included in the category of oilseed, which is a generic reference to crops
with seeds that can produce edible and/or non-edible oil in economic
quantities. The most versatile of the world’s major crops, soybeans can be
grown in a wider variety of soil and climatic conditions than any other major
world crop. Consequently, soybeans are the most widely grown oilseed in the
world. In the last 20 years, scientists have learned how to extract a much
wider variety of byproducts from soybeans that are proving beneficial in animal
feed, human food and industrial applications.

Rats have a long history in medical research.
They were the first mammalian species specifically domesticated to be used in
the laboratory. They are thought to have originated in some parts of Asia; Rattus rattus was
well established in Europe by 1100 A.D., with Rattus norvegicus commonly found in Europe in the 1700s. By the 1800s, these animals
were used for neuro-anatomy studies in the United States and in Europe. It was
in the late 1800s and early 1900s that individual stocks and strains had their
beginnings (Animals in research, 2013; Sengupta, 2013).

The success of the rat in research today has
been linked to the Wistar Institute in the United States of America, when in
1906, the institute developed the Wistar albino strain (Rattus norvegicus) (The Wistar Institute: History, 2007).
Currently, there are 117 albino strains of the laboratory rat, all of which can
be traced genetically back to the one rat, likely to have arisen as a mutation from
a hooded (piebald) rat strain (Animals in research, 2013).

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM


Soy
bean is a legume that is very rich in vitamins and when mixed with other grains
to be used as a complementary food can also improve hormonal functionality. But
in a situation of determining the effect of it in hormonal growth of rat
becomes a little bit problematic in the sense that there might be inadequate
instrument for the experiment to be carried out, secondly might be that there
might be no competent hands in the laboratory to carry out the experiment. Thirdly
could be that there are no good laboratory set up to carry out all the
necessary experiment needed. Finally, there have been several research carried
out on the effect of soya bean but there have been no single research carried
out on the effect of soy groundnut mixed grain complementary food on the level
of selected food on the growth of hormones in male weaning wistars rat.

1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF STUDY


        The main aim of the study is to examine
the effect of soy groundnut mixed grain complementary food on the levels of
selected growth hormones in male weaning wistars rat. Other specific objectives
of the study include:

1.      
to determine the effect of soy groundnut
on the growth hormones in male weaning wistars rat.

2.      
to determine the factors affecting the
growth hormones of male weaning wistars rat.

3.      
to determine the extent to which soy
groundnut affects the growth hormones in male weaning wistars rats.

4.      
to proffer possible solutions to the
problems.

1.4     RESEARCH QUESTIONS


1 What is the effect of soy groundnut on the
growth hormones in male weaning wistars rat?

2     What are the factors affecting the growth
hormones of male weaning wistars rat?

3     What is the extent to which soy groundnut
affects the growth hormones in male weaning wistars rats?

4     What are the possible solutions to the
problems?

1.5 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS


Hypothesis
1


H0:   Soy groundnut mixed grain complementary food
has no significant effect on growth hormones in male wistars rats.

H1:       Soy groundnut
mixed grain complementary food has a significant effect on growth hormones in
male wistars rats.

Hypothesis 2


H0:
There is no significant difference in growth hormones in male weaning wister
rats.

H1:
There is significant difference in growth hormones in male weaning wister rats

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY


        The study on the effect of soy
groundnut mixed grain complementary food on the levels of selected growth
hormones in male weaning wistars rats will be of immense benefit to the entire
laboratories in the sense that it will enable laboratory scientist to examine
the effect of complementary food on the growth hormones of wistars rat; due to
the fact that most laboratory experiment is normally carried out on rat before
carrying it out on human, it will therefore give them the result or the reaction
they seek in rat before human; this will give them a clue of what will happen
to human beings when they eventually take soy groundnut mixed grain
complementary food. Finally, the study will contribute to the body of existing
literature and knowledge to this field of study and basis for further research.


1.7 SCOPE OF STUDY


The
study on the effect of soy groundnut mixed grain complementary food is limited
to growth hormones in male weaning wistars rat.

1.8 LIMITATION OF STUDY


Financial constraint–
Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for
the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data
collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).


Time constraint–
The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic
work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.


1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS


EffectA change which is a
result or consequence of an action or other cause.


Soy GroundnutThe soybean, or soya
bean, is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible
bean, which has numerous uses.


Growth HormonesAlso known as
somatotropin, is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction,
and cell regeneration in humans and other animals.


Wistars
Rat This is a laboratory
rat with its red eyes and white furs is an iconic model organism for research
in a variety of fields.

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